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Abstract We have successfully synthesized ultrathin nanowires of pure Pt, Pt99Ni1, Pt9Ni1, and Pt7Ni3using a modified room‐temperature soft‐template method. Analysis of both methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) results found that the Pt7Ni3samples yielded the best performance with specific activities of 0.36 and 0.34 mA/cm2respectively. Additionally, formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) tests noted that both Pt and PtNi nanowires oxidize small organic molecules (SOMs) via an indirect pathway. CO oxidation data suggests little measurable performance without any pre‐reduction treatment; however, after annealing in H2, we detected significantly improved CO2formation for both Pt9Ni1and Pt7Ni3motifs. These observations highlight the importance of pre‐treating these nanowires under a reducing atmosphere to enhance their performance for CO oxidation. To explain these findings, we collected extended x‐ray adsorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy data, consistent with the presence of partial alloying with a tendency for Pt and Ni to segregate, thereby implying the formation of a Pt‐rich shell coupled with a Ni‐rich core. We also observed that the degree of alloying within the nanowires increased after annealing in a reducing atmosphere, a finding deduced through analysis of the coordination numbers and calculations of Cowley's short range order parameters.
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Reconciling structure prediction of alloyed, ultrathin nanowires with spectroscopy
A number of complementary, synergistic advances are reported herein. First, we describe the ‘first-time’ synthesis of ultrathin Ru 2 Co 1 nanowires (NWs) possessing average diameters of 2.3 ± 0.5 nm using a modified surfactant-mediated protocol. Second, we utilize a combination of quantitative EDS, EDS mapping (along with accompanying line-scan profiles), and EXAFS spectroscopy results to probe the local atomic structure of not only novel Ru 2 Co 1 NWs but also ‘control’ samples of analogous ultrathin Ru 1 Pt 1 , Au 1 Ag 1 , Pd 1 Pt 1 , and Pd 1 Pt 9 NWs. We demonstrate that ultrathin NWs possess an atomic-level geometry that is fundamentally dependent upon their intrinsic chemical composition. In the case of the PdPt NW series, EDS mapping data are consistent with the formation of a homogeneous alloy, a finding further corroborated by EXAFS analysis. By contrast, EXAFS analysis results for both Ru 1 Pt 1 and Ru 2 Co 1 imply the generation of homophilic structures in which there is a strong tendency for the clustering of ‘like’ atoms; associated EDS results for Ru 1 Pt 1 convey the same conclusion, namely the production of a heterogeneous structure. Conversely, EDS mapping data for Ru 2 Co 1 suggests a uniform distribution of both elements. In the singular case of Au 1 Ag 1 , EDS mapping results are suggestive of a homogeneous alloy, whereas EXAFS analysis pointed to Ag segregation at the surface and an Au-rich core, within the context of a core–shell structure. These cumulative outcomes indicate that only a combined consideration of both EDS and EXAFS results can provide for an accurate representation of the local atomic structure of ultrathin NW motifs.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1807640
- PAR ID:
- 10223801
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Chemical Science
- ISSN:
- 2041-6520
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/d1sc00627d
