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1. Effects of a Tridentate Pincer Ligand on Parahydrogen Induced Polarization

   https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.202100178  

   Muhammad, Safiyah_R; Nugent, Joseph_W; Greer, Rianna_B; Lee, Brian_C; Mahmoud, Jumanah; Ramirez, Steven_B; Goodson, Boyd_M; Fout, Alison_R (June 2021, ChemPhysChem)

   Abstract The role of ligands in rhodium‐ and iridium‐catalyzedParahydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) and SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange) chemistry has been studied in the benchmark systems, [Rh(diene)(diphos)]⁺and [Ir(NHC)(sub)₃(H)₂]⁺, and shown to have a great impact on the degree of hyperpolarization observed. Here, we examine the role of the flanking moieties in the electron‐rich monoanionic bis(carbene) aryl pincer ligand,^ArCCC (Ar=Dipp, 2,6‐diisopropyl or Mes, 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl) on the cobalt‐catalyzed PHIP and PHIP‐IE (PHIP via Insertion and Elimination) chemistry that we have previously reported. The mesityl groups were exchanged for diisopropylphenyl groups to generate the (^DippCCC)Co(N₂) catalyst, which resulted in faster hydrogenation and up to 390‐fold¹H signal enhancements, larger than that of the (^MesCCC)Co‐py (py=pyridine) catalyst. Additionally, the synthesis of the (^DippCCC)Rh(N₂) complex is reported and applied towards the hydrogenation of ethyl acrylate withparahydrogen to generate modest signal enhancements of both¹H and¹³C nuclei. Lastly, the generation of two (^MesCCC)Ir complexes is presented and applied towards SABRE and PHIP‐IE chemistry to only yield small¹H signal enhancements of the partially hydrogenated product (PHIP) with no SABRE hyperpolarization. 

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2. Rational ligand choice extends the SABRE substrate scope

   https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cc01330g  

   Colell, Johannes F.; Logan, Angus W.; Zhou, Zijian; Lindale, Jacob R.; Laasner, Raul; Shchepin, Roman V.; Chekmenev, Eduard Y.; Blum, Volker; Warren, Warren S.; Malcolmson, Steven J.; et al (January 2020, Chemical Communications)

   Here we report on chelating ligands for Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) catalysts that permit hyperpolarisation on otherwise sterically hindered substrates. We demonstrate 1 H enhancements of ∼100-fold over 8.5 T thermal for 2-substituted pyridines, and smaller, yet significant enhancements for provitamin B 6 and caffeine. We also show 15 N-enhancements of ∼1000-fold and 19 F-enhancements of 30-fold. 

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3. Effect of methylene versus ethylene linkers on structural properties of tert -butyl and mesityl bis(imidazolium) bromide salts

   https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989022008003  

   Thompson, Emily S.; Olivas, Elisa M.; Torres, Adrian; Arreaga, Briana C.; Alarcon, Hector L.; Dolberry, Deandrea; Brannon, Jacob P.; Stieber, S. Chantal (September 2022, Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications)

   The crystal structures of ligand precursor bis(imidazolium) salts 1,1′-methylenebis(3- tert -butylimidazolium) dibromide monohydrate, C 15 H 26 N 4 + ·2Br − ·H 2 O or [ t Bu NHC 2 Me][Br] 2 ·H 2 O, 1,1′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(3- tert -butylimidazolium) dibromide dihydrate, C 16 H 28 N 4 + ·2Br − ·2H 2 O or [ t Bu NHC 2 Et][Br] 2 ·2H 2 O, 1,1′-methylenebis[3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolium] dibromide dihydrate, C 25 H 30 N 4 2+ ·2Br − ·2H 2 O or [ Mes NHC 2 Me][Br] 2 ·2H 2 O, and 1,1′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazolium] dibromide tetrahydrate, C 26 H 32 N 4 2+ ·2Br − ·4H 2 O or [ Mes NHC 2 Et][Br] 2 ·4H 2 O, are reported. At 293 K, [ t Bu NHC 2 Me][Br] 2 ·H 2 O crystallizes in the P 2 1 / c space group, while [ t Bu NHC 2 Et][Br] 2 ·2H 2 O crystallizes in the P 2 1 / n space group at 100 K. At 112 K, [ Mes NHC 2 Me][Br] 2 ·2H 2 O crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pccn while [ Mes NHC 2 Et][Br] 2 ·4H 2 O crystallizes in the P 2 1 / c space group at 100 K. Bond distances and angles within the imidazolium rings are generally comparable among the four structures. All four bis(imidazolium) salts co-crystallize with one to four molecules of water. 

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4. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Assisted Reversible Migratory Coupling of Aminoborane at Magnesium

   https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202211496  

   Obi, Akachukwu D.; Frey, Nathan C.; Dickie, Diane A.; Webster, Charles Edwin; Gilliard, Jr, Robert J. (September 2022, Angewandte Chemie International Edition)

   Abstract A combined synthetic and theoretical investigation of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) adducts of magnesium amidoboranes is presented, which involves a rare example of reversible migratory insertion within a normal valents‐block element. The reaction of (NHC)Mg(N(SiMe₃)₂)₂(1) and dimethylamine borane yields the tris(amide) adduct (NHC−BN)Mg(NMe₂BH₃)(N(SiMe₃)₂) (2; NHC−BN = NHC−BH₂NMe₂). In addition to Me₂N=BH₂capture at the^NHCC−Mg bond, mechanistic investigations suggest the likelihood of aminoborane migratory insertion from an RMg(NMe₂BH₂NMe₂BH₃) intermediate. To elucidate these processes, the carbene complexes (NHC)Mg(NMe₂BH₃)₂(8) and (NHC)Mg(NMe₂BH₂NMe₂BH₃)₂(9) were synthesized, and a dynamic migration of Me₂N=BH₂between Mg−N and^NHCC−Mg bonds was observed in9. This unusual reversible migratory insertion is presumably induced by dissimilar charge localization in the⁻{NMe₂BH₂NMe₂BH₃} anion, as well as the capacity of NHCs to reversibly capture Me₂N=BH₂in the presence of Lewis acidic magnesium species. 

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5. “Direct” ¹³ C Hyperpolarization of ¹³ C‐Acetate by MicroTesla NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE)

   https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201910506  

   Gemeinhardt, Max E.; Limbach, Miranda N.; Gebhardt, Thomas R.; Eriksson, Clark W.; Eriksson, Shannon L.; Lindale, Jacob R.; Goodson, Elysia A.; Warren, Warren S.; Chekmenev, Eduard Y.; Goodson, Boyd M. (November 2019, Angewandte Chemie International Edition)

   Abstract Herein, we demonstrate “direct”¹³C hyperpolarization of¹³C‐acetate via signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE). The standard SABRE homogeneous catalyst [Ir‐IMes; [IrCl(COD)(IMes)], (IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl), imidazole‐2‐ylidene; COD=cyclooctadiene)] was first activated in the presence of an auxiliary substrate (pyridine) in alcohol. Following addition of sodium 1‐¹³C‐acetate, parahydrogen bubbling within a microtesla magnetic field (i.e. under conditions of SABRE in shield enables alignment transfer to heteronuclei, SABRE‐SHEATH) resulted in positive enhancements of up to ≈100‐fold in the¹³C NMR signal compared to thermal equilibrium at 9.4 T. The present results are consistent with a mechanism of “direct” transfer of spin order from parahydrogen to¹³C spins of acetate weakly bound to the catalyst, under conditions of fast exchange with respect to the¹³C acetate resonance, but we find that relaxation dynamics at microtesla fields alter the optimal matching from the traditional SABRE‐SHEATH picture. Further development of this approach could lead to new ways to rapidly, cheaply, and simply hyperpolarize a broad range of substrates (e.g. metabolites with carboxyl groups) for various applications, including biomedical NMR and MRI of cellular and in vivo metabolism. 

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