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1. Photocrystallography of [Ru(bpy) ₂ (dmso) ₂ ] ²⁺ reveals an O-bonded metastable state

   https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC01526B  

   Marr, Zoe Y.; Thapa Magar, Rajani; Fournier, Bertrand; Benedict, Jason B.; Rack, Jeffrey J. (June 2023, Chemical Science)

   We report the first instance of observing the phototriggered isomerization of dmso ligands on a bis sulfoxide complex, [Ru(bpy) 2 (dmso) 2 ], in the crystalline solid state. The solid-state UV-vis spectrum of the crystal demonstrates an increase in optical density around 550 nm after irradiation, which is consistent with the solution isomerization results. Digital images of the crystal before and after irradiation display a notable color change (pale orange to red) and cleavage occurs along planes, (1̄01) and (100), during irradiation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data also confirms that isomerization is occurring throughout the lattice and a structure that contains a mix of the S , S and O , O / S , O isomer was attained from a crystal irradiated ex situ . In situ irradiation XRD studies reveal that the percentage of the O-bonded isomer increases as a function of 405 nm exposure time. 

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2. An excited state dynamics driven reaction: wavelength-dependent photoisomerization quantum yields in [Ru(bpy) ₂ (dmso) ₂ ] ²⁺

   https://doi.org/10.1039/d0sc00551g  

   Livshits, Maksim Y.; Wang, Lei; Vittardi, Sebastian B.; Ruetzel, Stefan; King, Albert; Brixner, Tobias; Rack, Jeffrey J. (June 2020, Chemical Science)

   We report the excited-state behavior of a structurally simple bis -sulfoxide complex, cis -S,S-[Ru(bpy) 2 (dmso) 2 ] 2+ , as investigated by femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy. The results reveal that a single photon prompts phototriggered isomerization of one or both dmso ligands to yield a mixture of cis -S,O-[Ru(bpy) 2 (dmso) 2 ] 2+ and cis -O,O-[Ru(bpy) 2 (dmso) 2 ] 2+ . The quantum yields of isomerization of each product and relative product distribution are dependent upon the excitation wavelength, with longer wavelengths favoring the double isomerization product, cis -O,O-[Ru(bpy) 2 (dmso) 2 ] 2+ . Transient absorption measurements on cis -O,O-[Ru(bpy) 2 (dmso) 2 ] 2+ do not reveal an excited-state isomerization pathway to produce either the S,O or S,S isomers. Femtosecond pulse shaping experiments reveal no change in the product distribution. Pump–repump–probe transient absorption spectroscopy of cis -S,S-[Ru(bpy) 2 (dmso) 2 ] 2+ shows that a pump–repump time delay of 3 ps dramatically alters the S,O : O,O product ratio; pump–repump–probe transient absorption spectroscopy of cis -O,O-[Ru(bpy) 2 (dmso) 2 ] 2+ with a time delay of 3 ps uncovers an excited-state isomerization pathway to produce the S,O isomer. In conjunction with low-temperature steady-state emission spectroscopy, these results are interpreted in the context of an excited-state bifurcating pathway, in which the isomerization product distribution is determined not by thermodynamics, but rather as a dynamics driven reaction. 

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3. Luminescence Enhancement of cis -[Ru(bpy) ₂ (py) ₂ ] ²⁺ via Confinement within a Metal–Organic Framework

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00396  

   Micheroni, Daniel; Lin, Zekai; Chen, Yu-Sheng; Lin, Wenbin (May 2019, Inorganic Chemistry)
4. Water Oxidation Catalyst cis- [Ru(bpy)(5,5′-dcbpy)(H ₂ O) ₂ ] ²⁺ and Its Stabilization in Metal–Organic Framework

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.0c00488  

   Ezhov, Roman; Karbakhsh Ravari, Alireza; Page, Allison; Pushkar, Yulia (May 2020, ACS Catalysis)
5. Charge Recognition in Ru(bpy) ₃ ²⁺ on a Metal Surface via Ultrahigh Vacuum Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c02758  

   Mahapatra, Sayantan; Siribaddana, Chamath; Li, Linfei; Rajak, Soumyajit; Zhang, Xu; Jiang, Nan (August 2024, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C)