Three new organotin( iv ) carboxylate compounds were synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR and multinuclear NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, 119 Sn) spectroscopy. Single X-ray crystallography reveals that compound C2 has a monoclinic crystal system with space group P 2 1 / c having distorted bipyramidal geometry defined by C 3 SnO 2 . The synthesized compounds were screened for drug-DNA interactions via UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry showing good activity with high binding constants. Theoretical investigations also support the reactivity of the compounds as depicted from natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis using Gaussian 09. Synthesized compounds were initially evaluated on two cancer (HeLa and MCF-7) cell lines and cytotoxicity to normal cells was evaluated using a non-cancerous (BHK-21) cell line. All the compounds were found to be active, with IC 50 values less than that of the standard drug i.e. cisplatin. The cytotoxic effect of the most potent compound C2 was confirmed by LDH cytotoxicity assay and fluorescence imaging after PI staining. Apoptotic features in compound C2 treated cancer cells were visualized after DAPI staining while regulation of apoptosis was observed by reactive oxygen species generation, binding of C2 with DNA, a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and expression of activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in cancer cells. Results are indicative of activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in C2 treated cancer cells.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of fluoro-substituted spiro-isoxazolines as potential anti-viral and anti-cancer agents
Electrophilic fluorine-mediated dearomative spirocyclization has been developed to synthesize a range of fluoro-substituted spiro-isoxazoline ethers and lactones. The in vitro biological assays of synthesized compounds were probed for anti-viral activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and cytotoxicity against glioblastomas (GBM6) and triple negative breast cancer (MDA MB 231). Interestingly, compounds 4d and 4n showed significant activity against HCMV (IC 50 ∼ 10 μM), while 4l and 5f revealed the highest cytotoxicity with IC 50 = 36 to 80 μM. The synthetic efficacy and biological relevance offer an opportunity to further drug-discovery development of fluoro-spiro-isoxazolines as novel anti-viral and anti-cancer agents.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1900127
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10273067
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- RSC Advances
- Volume:
- 10
- Issue:
- 50
- ISSN:
- 2046-2069
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 30223 to 30237
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06148d
