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1. NAD-seq for profiling the NAD+ capped transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100901  

   Yu, Xiang ; Vandivier, Lee E. ; Gregory, Brian D. ( December 2021 , STAR Protocols)
2. Indirect Export of Reducing Equivalents From the Chloroplast to Resupply NADP for C3 Photosynthesis—Growing Importance for Stromal NAD(H)?

   https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.719003  

   Krämer, Moritz ; Kunz, Hans-Henning ( October 2021 , Frontiers in Plant Science)

   Plant productivity greatly relies on a flawless concerted function of the two photosystems (PS) in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. While damage to PSII can be rapidly resolved, PSI repair is complex and time-consuming. A major threat to PSI integrity is acceptor side limitation e.g., through a lack of stromal NADP ready to accept electrons from PSI. This situation can occur when oscillations in growth light and temperature result in a drop of CO 2 fixation and concomitant NADPH consumption. Plants have evolved a plethora of pathways at the thylakoid membrane but also in the chloroplast stroma to avoid acceptor side limitation. For instance, reduced ferredoxin can be recycled in cyclic electron flow or reducing equivalents can be indirectly exported from the organelle via the malate valve, a coordinated effort of stromal malate dehydrogenases and envelope membrane transporters. For a long time, the NADP(H) was assumed to be the only nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide coenzyme to participate in diurnal chloroplast metabolism and the export of reductants via this route. However, over the last years several independent studies have indicated an underappreciated role for NAD(H) in illuminated leaf plastids. In part, it explains the existence of the light-independent NAD-specific malate dehydrogenase in the stroma. We review the history of the malate valve and discuss the potential role of stromal NAD(H) for the plant survival under adverse growth conditions as well as the option to utilize the stromal NAD(H) pool to mitigate PSI damage. 

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3. TIR domains of plant immune receptors are NAD + -cleaving enzymes that promote cell death

   https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax1771  

   Wan, Li ; Essuman, Kow ; Anderson, Ryan G. ; Sasaki, Yo ; Monteiro, Freddy ; Chung, Eui-Hwan ; Osborne Nishimura, Erin ; DiAntonio, Aaron ; Milbrandt, Jeffrey ; Dangl, Jeffery L. ; et al ( August 2019 , Science)

   Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors activate cell death and confer disease resistance by unknown mechanisms. We demonstrate that plant Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains of NLRs are enzymes capable of degrading nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its oxidized form (NAD + ). Both cell death induction and NAD + cleavage activity of plant TIR domains require known self-association interfaces and a putative catalytic glutamic acid that is conserved in both bacterial TIR NAD + -cleaving enzymes (NADases) and the mammalian SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1) NADase. We identify a variant of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose as a biomarker of TIR enzymatic activity. TIR enzymatic activity is induced by pathogen recognition and functions upstream of the genes enhanced disease susceptibility 1 ( EDS1 ) and N requirement gene 1 ( NRG1 ), which encode regulators required for TIR immune function. Thus, plant TIR-NLR receptors require NADase function to transduce recognition of pathogens into a cell death response. 

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4. Imbalanced Transition States from α-H/D and Remote β-Type N -CH/D Secondary Kinetic Isotope Effects on the NADH/NAD + Analogues in Their Hydride Tunneling Reactions in Solution

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.9b00412  

   Ma, Li ; Sakhaee, Nader ; Jafari, Shabnam ; Wilhelm, Samantha ; Rahmani, Paniz ; Lu, Yun ( April 2019 , The Journal of Organic Chemistry)
5. Temporal dynamics of base excision/single-strand break repair protein complex assembly/disassembly are modulated by the PARP/NAD+/SIRT6 axis

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109917  

   Koczor, Christopher A. ; Saville, Kate M. ; Andrews, Joel F. ; Clark, Jennifer ; Fang, Qingming ; Li, Jianfeng ; Al-Rahahleh, Rasha Q. ; Ibrahim, Md ; McClellan, Steven ; Makarov, Mikhail V. ; et al ( November 2021 , Cell Reports)