Thermodynamic modeling is an important technique to interpret metamorphic phase relations and calculate model pressure-temperature (P-T) paths for metamorphic rocks. This study uses representative, coesite-bearing eclogites from the Tso Morari UHP terrane of the NW Himalaya to simulate its prograde metamorphism using multiple modeling programs and thermobarometry.
Our modeling yields a peak metamorphism P-T of ~32-33 kbar and ~560-570 °C by the THERMOCALC345 and Theriak-Domino programs (Green et al., 2016), which is ~5 kbar higher in pressure and ~15 °C lower in temperature than that determined by using THERMOCALC333 (White et al., 2007) (~27.8 kbar and ~580 °C). The significantly higher pressure obtained using the THERMOCALC345 and Theriak-Domino is likely a result of the upgrade of thermodynamic parameters of minerals (i.e. garnet Wpy-gr and agr) in the newer a-x relations. The modeled effective bulk compositions and mineral stabilities along the calculated P-T path show different patterns under the two modeling techniques. Modeling by the Theriak-Domino programs is preferred in this case because the results are more consistent with the measured mineral compositions of our rocks. Multiple thermobarometers by garnet-omphacite-phengite, garnet-omphacite, garnet-phengite on the garnet rim, high-Si phengite and matrix omphacite yield a peak metamorphism of ~ 28.5-29.0 kbar and ~ 650-728 °C, which is generally consistent with the modeled P-T path.
Based on our model calculations, the initial bulk composition measured by XRF does not represent the reactant bulk composition at the time of garnet nucleation, and this compositional discrepancy possibly is caused by the crystallization of pre-garnet minerals (i.e. hematite), reaction overstepping, or partial reequilibration. In summary, by implementing and evaluating multiple modeling strategies and considering the petrography and metamorphic mineralogy of the rocks, this study finds that the eclogite modeling using Theriak-Domino programs in the Tso Morari terrane provide more consistent metamorphic phase relations and more reasonable thermodynamic simulations regarding fractionation of the bulk composition and prograde metamorphism.
References:
Green et al. J Metamorph Geol 34, 845-869 (2016)
White et al. J Metamorph Geol 25, 511-527 (2007)
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Thermodynamic modelling on the UHP metamorphism and fluid infiltration of the Tso Morari coesite-bearing eclogite in NW India
The Tso Morari terrane within the Himalayan orogeny underwent ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism due to northward subduction under the Eurasian continent during the early Eocene. The advancement of computational petrology and availability of relevant thermodynamic databases provide the mechanism to more precisely quantify metamorphic processes. In this study, we model the eclogite’s prograde pressure-temperature (P-T) path as well as multiple fluid infiltration events during exhumation using Theriak-Domino with dataset ds62 and garnet[1] and other metabasic mineral activity-composition relations. The effect of garnet fractionation on the rock’s effective bulk composition is considered in simulating prograde garnet growth. A “fishhook” shape clockwise P-T path is obtained with a peak pressure of ~28.5 kbar at ~563 °C, followed by a peak temperature of ~613 °C at ~24.5 kbar[2].
Thermodynamic modelling using P-M(H2O) pseudosections on Tso Morari eclogites indicates three distinct phases of fluid infiltration during exhumation. Fluid infiltration Ⅰ occurs at ~610 °C and ~23.5 kbar with ~3.1 mol % fluid expulsion due to the destabilization of lawsonite. The modelling results are consistent with petrographic observations in the eclogite: we found ~6.0 vol % epidote and ~21.0 vol % amphibole and the possible pre-existence of lawsonite evidenced by its pseudomorph (as epidote and paragonite aggregates) in a garnet core and rim[3], and CNASH modelling on the epidote and its inclusion paragonite. Fluid infiltration Ⅱ occurs at ~9.2 kbar and ~608 °C with >2.6 mol % fluid infiltration at amphibolite-facies. This phase of fluid infiltration is characterized by aggressive amphibolization from the boudin core to rim. Fluid infiltration Ⅲ occurs at ~610 °C and ~8.7 kbar, caused by breakdown of phengite as predicted through modelling the symplectitic association (plagioclase, biotite, and amphibole) surrounding omphacite. In summary, this study not only illustrates the application of thermodynamic modelling in quantifying metamorphic processes, but also the need of comparison between modeling predictions and petrographic observations.
[1] White et al. (2007), J Metamorph Geol 25, 511–527.
[2] Pan et al. (2020), Contrib Mineral Petrol 175, 1–28.
[3] St-Onge et al. (2013), J Metamorph Geol 31, 469–504.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1822524
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10293000
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Annual VM Goldschmidt Conference
- ISSN:
- 1945-7022
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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