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1. Recognizing flood exposure inequities across flood frequencies

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100371  

   Selsor, Haley ; Bledsoe, Brian P. ; Lammers, Roderick ( June 2023 , Anthropocene)

   Urban flooding is a growing threat due to land use and climate change. Vulnerable populations tend to have greater exposure to flooding as a result of historical societal and institutional processes. Most flood vulnerability studies focus on a single large flood, neglecting the impact of small, frequent floods. Therefore, there is a need to investigate inequitable flood exposure across a range of event magnitudes and frequencies. To explore this question, we develop a novel score of inequitable flood risk by defining risk as a function of frequency, exposure, and vulnerability. This analysis combines high-resolution, parcel-scale compounded fluvial and pluvial flood data with census data at the census block group scale. We focus on six census tracts within Athens-Clarke County, Georgia that are highly developed with diverse populations. We define vulnerable populations as non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and households under the poverty level and use dasymetric mapping techniques to calculate the over-representation of these populations in flood zones. Inequitable risks at each census tract (approximately neighborhood scale) were estimated for multiple (e.g., 5-, 10-, 20-, 50-, and 100-year) flood return periods. Results show that the relatively greatest flood risk inequities occur for the 10-year flood and not at the largest event. We also found that the size of inequity is dynamic, depending on the flood magnitude. Therefore, addressing a range of events including smaller, more frequent floods can increase equity and reveal opportunities that may be missed if only one event is considered. 

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2. Flood Monitoring and Mitigation Strategies for Flood-Prone Urban Areas

   https://doi.org/10.1109/SIEDS49339.2020.9106583  

   Finley, Pat ; Gatti, Grayson ; Goodall, Jonathan ; Nelson, Mac ; Nicholson, Kiri ; Shah, Kruti ( April 2020 , 2020 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS))
3. Predicting support for flood mitigation based on flood insurance purchase behavior

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab195a  

   Shao, Wanyun ; Feng, Kairui ; Lin, Ning ( May 2019 , Environmental Research Letters)

   What is the decision-making mechanism people rely upon to mitigate flood risk? Applying Bayesian Network modeling to a comprehensive survey dataset for the US Gulf Coast, we find that the overall support for flood mitigation can be inferred from flood insurance purchase behavior (i.e. without insurance versus with insurance purchased mandatorily, voluntarily, or both). Therefore, we propose a theoretical decision-making mechanism composed of two dimensions including informed flood risk and sense of insecurity. The informed flood risk is the primary determinant on one’s overall support for flood mitigation. Risk mitigation decisions are largely contingent on the level of risk that is effectively conveyed to individuals. Additionally, sense of insecurity plays a moderate role in determining individuals’ overall support for flood mitigation. The sense of insecurity can move people toward overall support for mitigation, but the effect is not as large as the informed risk. Results of this study have fundamental policy implications. The flood risk informed by Federal Emergency Management Agency’s flood maps not only provides the compulsory basis for flood insurance purchase but also determines individuals’ overall support for flood mitigation. Flood map inaccuracy can immensely mislead individuals’ overall risk mitigation decision. Meanwhile, this flood risk mitigation decision-making mechanism inferred from a survey data in the US Gulf Coast needs to be tested and validated elsewhere.

    

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4. Collaborative Modeling With Fine‐Resolution Data Enhances Flood Awareness, Minimizes Differences in Flood Perception, and Produces Actionable Flood Maps

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001391  

   Sanders, Brett F. ; Schubert, Jochen E. ; Goodrich, Kristen A. ; Houston, Douglas ; Feldman, David L. ; Basolo, Victoria ; Luke, Adam ; Boudreau, Dani ; Karlin, Beth ; Cheung, Wing ; et al ( January 2020 , Earth's Future)
5. The complexities of urban flood response: Flood frequency analyses for the Charlotte metropolitan region: THE COMPLEXITIES OF URBAN FLOOD RESPONSE

   https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019997  

   Zhou, Zhengzheng ; Smith, James A. ; Yang, Long ; Baeck, Mary Lynn ; Chaney, Molly ; Ten Veldhuis, Marie-Claire ; Deng, Huiping ; Liu, Shuguang ( August 2017 , Water Resources Research)