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   Hinkle, L; Ghaeili Ardabili, N; Wang, J. (January 2023, Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water, and Environment System)

   Windows are one of the main contributors to building energy consumption, and emerging dynamic window technologies offer improved performance. Specifically, NIRfocused window technologies are desirable in climates that consume both heating and cooling energy. However, the whole building energy effects of changeable NIR response of building windows have not been captured, largely due to the lack of an appropriate energy simulation method and NIR-focused window modeling. This study focuses on developing a simulation method that enables the comprehensive evaluation of the whole building energy effects of dynamic NIR modulations. Using an EnergyPlus EMS-based parametric framework, annual energy savings were estimated for a switchable between glass built-in system across three representative cities in ASHRAE climate zones 3, 4, and 5. This NIR-focused technology yielded energy savings of up to 19%. The results demonstrate the effects of NIR-focused window technologies on heating and cooling loads in different climates. 

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3. Parametric Dependence of Large Disturbance Response for Vector Fields with Event-Selected Discontinuities

   https://doi.org/10.23919/ECC.2019.8796029  

   Fisher, Michael W.; Hiskens, Ian A. (June 2019, 2019 18th European Control Conference)

   The ability of a nonlinear system to recover from a large disturbance to a desired stable equilibrium point depends on system parameter values, which are often uncertain and time varying. A particular disturbance acting for a finite time can be modeled as an implicit map that takes a parameter value to its corresponding post disturbance initial condition in state space. The system recovers when the post-disturbance initial condition lies inside the region of attraction of the stable equilibrium point. Critical parameter values are defined to be parameter values whose corresponding post-disturbance initial condition lies on the boundary of the region of attraction. Computing such values is important in numerous applications because they represent the boundary between desirable and undesirable system behavior. Many realistic system models involve controller clipping limits and other forms of switching. Furthermore, these hybrid dynamics are closely linked to the ability of a system to recover from disturbances. The paper develops theory which underpins a novel algorithm for numerically computing critical parameter values for nonlinear systems with clipping limits and switching. For an almost generic class of vector fields with event-selected discontinuities, it is shown that the boundary of the region of attraction is equal to a union of the stable manifolds of the equilibria and periodic orbits it contains, and that this decomposition persists and the boundary varies continuously under small changes in parameter. 

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