An official website of the United States government
Abstract A novel, selective and high‐yielding palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative arylation of a variety of weakly acidic (pKa25–35 in DMSO) benzylic and heterobenzylic C(sp3)−H bonds with aryl bromides has been achieved. This system is applicable to a range of pro‐nucleophiles for access to sterically and electronically diverse α‐aryl or α,α‐diaryl ketones, which are ubiquitous substructures in biologically active compounds. The Josiphos SL‐J001‐1‐based palladium catalyst was identified as the most efficient and selective, enabling carbonylative arylation with aryl bromides under 1 atm CO to provide the ketone products without the formation of direct coupling byproducts. Additionally, (Josiphos)Pd(CO)2was identified as the catalyst resting state. A kinetic study suggests that the oxidative addition of aryl bromides is the turnover‐limiting step. Key catalytic intermediates were also isolated.
more »
« less
Visible Light Induced Brønsted Acid Assisted Pd‐Catalyzed Alkyl Heck Reaction of Diazo Compounds and N ‐Tosylhydrazones
Abstract A mild visible light‐induced palladium‐catalyzed alkyl Heck reaction of diazo compounds andN‐tosylhydrazones is reported. A broad range of vinyl arenes and heteroarenes with high functional group tolerance, as well as a range of different diazo compounds, can efficiently undergo this transformation. This method features Brønsted acid‐assisted generation of hybrid palladium C(sp3)‐centered radical intermediate, which allowed for new selective C−H functionalization protocol.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 1955663
- PAR ID:
- 10303062
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Volume:
- 61
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 1433-7851
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
Abstract Herein, a general approach to intermolecular benzylic C(sp3)−H alkylation of methyl‐substituted arenes is reported using metal carbenes derived fromN‐aryl‐α‐diazo‐β‐amidoesters and dirhodium catalysts. Alkylated products were formed in up to 81 % yield with demonstrated functional group tolerance, outpacing previous literature. The unique amide‐ester scaffolding can be exploited through various derivatizations for broad synthetic utility and provides a starting point for the development of selectivity rules and reactivity profiles for these intermolecular C(sp3)−H functionalizations.more » « less
-
Generation of Diazomethyl Radicals by Hydrogen Atom Abstraction and Their Cycloaddition with AlkenesAbstract A general catalytic methodology for the synthesis of pyrazolines from α‐diazo compounds and conjugated alkenes is reported. The direct hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process of α‐diazo compounds promoted by thetert‐butylperoxy radical generates electrophilic diazomethyl radicals, thereby reversing the reactivity of the carbon atom attached with the diazo group. The regiocontrolled addition of diazomethyl radicals to carbon‐carbon double bonds followed by intramolecular ring closure on the terminal diazo nitrogen and tautomerization affords a diverse set of pyrazolines in good yields with excellent regioselectivity. This strategy overcomes the limitations of electron‐deficient alkenes in traditional dipolar [3+2]‐cycloaddition of α‐diazo compounds with alkenes. Furthermore, the straightforward formation of the diazomethyl radicals provides umpolung reactivity, thus opening new opportunities for the versatile transformations of diazo compounds.more » « less
-
Abstract A palladium‐catalyzed dearomativesyn‐1,4‐oxyamination protocol using non‐activated arenes has been developed. This one‐pot procedure utilizes arenophile chemistry, and the correspondingpara‐cycloadducts are treated with oxygen nucleophiles via formal allylic substitution, providing direct access tosyn‐1,4‐oxyaminated products. The reaction conditions permit a range of arenes, as well as different O‐nucleophiles, such as oximes and benzyl alcohols. Moreover, this process was established in an asymmetric fashion, delivering products with high enantioselectivity. The dearomatized products are amenable to a multitude of further derivatizations ranging from olefin chemistry to C−H activation, giving rise to a diverse set of new functionalities. Overall, this dearomative functionalization offers rapid and controlled formation of molecular complexity, enabling straightforward access to functionalized small molecules from simple and readily available arenes.more » « less
-
Abstract Structurally complex diazo‐containing scaffolds are formed by conjugate addition to vinyl diazonium salts. The electrophile, a little studied α‐diazonium‐α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compound, is formed at low temperature under mild conditions by treating β‐hydroxy‐α‐diazo carbonyls with Sc(OTf)3. Conjugate addition occurs selectively at the 3‐position of indole to give α‐diazo‐β‐indole carbonyls, and enoxy silanes react to give 2‐diazo‐1,4‐dicarbonyl products. These reactions result in the formation of tertiary and quaternary centers, and give products that would be otherwise difficult to form. Importantly, the diazo functional group is retained within the molecule for future manipulation. Treating an α‐diazo ester indole addition product with Rh2(OAc)4caused a rearrangement to occur to give a 2‐(1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐2‐enoate. In the case of diazo ketone compounds, this shift occurred spontaneously on prolonged exposure to the Lewis acidic reaction conditions.more » « less
