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Sulfoximines are emerging moieties for medicinal and biological chemistry, due in part to their efficacy in selective inhibition of amide-forming enzymes such as γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. While small-molecule sulfoximines such as methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and its derivatives are well studied, structures with methionine sulfoximine residues within complex polypeptides have been generally inaccessible. This paper describes a straightforward means of late-stage one-step oxidation of methionine residues within polypeptides to afford NH-sulfoximines. We also present chemoselective subsequent elaboration, most notably by copper( ii )-mediated N–H cross-coupling at methionine sulfoximine residues with arylboronic acid reagents. This development serves as a strategy to incorporate diverse sulfoximine structures within natural polypeptides, and also identifies the methionine sulfoximine residue as a new site for bioorthogonal, chemoselective bioconjugation.
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Diastereoselective Synthesis of (3R,5R)-γ-Hydroxypiperazic Acid
Abstract We report an asymmetric synthesis of the (3R,5R)-γ-hydroxypiperazic acid (γ-OHPiz) residue encountered in several bioactive nonribosomal peptides. Our strategy relies on a diastereoselective enolate hydroxylation reaction and electrophilic N-amination to provide the acyclic γ-OHPiz precursor. This orthogonally protected α-hydrazino acid intermediate is amenable to late-stage diazinane ring formation following incorporation into a peptide chain. We determined the N-terminal amide rotamer propensity of the γ-OHPiz residue and showed that the γ-OH substituent enhances trans-amide bias relative to piperazic acid.
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- PAR ID:
- 10303824
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Synlett
- Volume:
- 32
- Issue:
- 17
- ISSN:
- 0936-5214
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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The structure and spectroscopic properties of the amide bond are a topic of fundamental interest in chemistry and biology. Herein, we report 17 O NMR and 15 N NMR spectroscopic data for four series of sterically-hindered acyclic amides. Despite the utility of 17 O NMR and 15 N NMR spectroscopy, these methods are severely underutilized in the experimental determination of electronic properties of the amide bond. The data demonstrate that a combined use of 17 O NMR and 15 N NMR serves as a powerful tool in assessing electronic effects of the amide bond substitution as a measure of electrophilicity of the amide bond. Notably, we demonstrate that steric destabilization of the amide bond results in electronically-activated amides that are comparable in terms of electrophilicity to acyl fluorides and carboxylic acid anhydrides.more » « less
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1719824
