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A reduced-order model of face mask aerodynamics and aerosol filtration is introduced. This model incorporates existing empirical data on filtration efficiency for different types of face masks, as well as the size distribution of exhaled aerosol particles. By considering realistic peripheral gap profiles, our model estimates both the extent of peripheral leakage and the fitted filtration efficiency of face masks in terms of outward protection. Simulations employing realistic peripheral gap profiles reveal that, for surgical masks, 80% or more of the total exhaled airflow could leak through the mask periphery, even when the average peripheral gap measures only 0.65 mm. However, the majority of exhaled aerosol particles do not follow the flow path through the peripheral gaps but, instead, impact directly on the mask fabric. As a result, these face masks can filter out approximately 70% of the exhaled particles despite the significant peripheral leakage. To validate our model, we compare its predictions with experimental data, and we find a reasonable agreement in estimating the outward protection provided by surgical masks. This validation underscores the reliability of our model in assessing the efficacy of surgical masks. Moreover, leveraging the insights gained from our model, we explore the impact of mask usage on the transmission of respiratory viruses within communities. By considering various scenarios, we can assess the potential reduction in viral spread achieved through widespread mask adoption.
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Metal leaching from antimicrobial cloth face masks intended to slow the spread of COVID-19
Abstract Global health organizations recommend the use of cloth face coverings to slow the spread of COVID-19. Seemingly overnight, companies whose primary business is in no way related to healthcare or personal protective equipment—from mattresses manufacturers to big box stores—transitioned into the “mask business.” Many companies advertise antimicrobial masks containing silver, copper, or other antimicrobials. Often, the techniques used to load such antimicrobials onto mask fibers are undisclosed, and the potential for metal leaching from these masks is yet unknown. We exposed nine so-called “antimicrobial” face masks (and one 100% cotton control mask) to deionized water, laundry detergent, and artificial saliva to quantify the leachable silver and copper that may occur during mask washing and wearing. Leaching varied widely across manufacturer, metal, and leaching solution, but in some cases was as high as 100% of the metals contained in the as-received mask after 1 h of exposure.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1933071
- PAR ID:
- 10304506
- Publisher / Repository:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Volume:
- 11
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2045-2322
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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