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1. Adaptation to hydrogen sulfide: A case study in sulfide spring fishes

   https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90801-6.00133-6  

   Barts, Nick; Tobler, Michael (January 2024, Elsevier)
2. Thiol-Activated 1,2,4-Thiadiazolidin-3,5-diones Release Hydrogen Sulfide through a Carbonyl-Sulfide-Dependent Pathway

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.2c01220  

   Smith, Haley M.; Pluth, Michael D. (September 2022, The Journal of Organic Chemistry)
3. Efficient Production of Carbonyl Sulfide in the Low‐NO _x Oxidation of Dimethyl Sulfide

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096838  

   Jernigan, Christopher M.; Fite, Charles H.; Vereecken, Luc; Berkelhammer, Max B.; Rollins, Andrew W.; Rickly, Pamela S.; Novelli, Anna; Taraborrelli, Domenico; Holmes, Christopher D.; Bertram, Timothy H. (January 2022, Geophysical Research Letters)

   Abstract The oxidation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is the primary, continuous source of stratospheric sulfate aerosol particles, which can scatter shortwave radiation and catalyze heterogeneous reactions in the stratosphere. While it has been estimated that the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), emitted from the surface ocean accounts for 8%–20% of the global OCS source, there is no existing DMS oxidation mechanism relevant to the marine atmosphere that is consistent with an OCS source of this magnitude. We describe new laboratory measurements and theoretical analyses of DMS oxidation that provide a mechanistic description for OCS production from hydroperoxymethyl thioformate, a ubiquitous, soluble DMS oxidation product. We incorporate this chemical mechanism into a global chemical transport model, showing that OCS production from DMS is a factor of 3 smaller than current estimates, displays a maximum in the tropics consistent with field observations and is sensitive to multiphase cloud chemistry. 

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4. Magnesium sulfide powder analyzed by XPS

   https://doi.org/10.1116/6.0004185  

   Jäggi, Noah; Dukes, Catherine_A (January 2025, Surface Science Spectra)

   High-purity niningerite (MgS) was synthesized by BenchChem under vacuum conditions for use in laboratory simulations of solar-ion space weathering of sulfide minerals that are expected to be present on the surface of Mercury. MgS was initially characterized via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy prior to investigations into the preferential loss of near-surface sulfur in niningerite with 2 keV H2+ irradiation. Survey and high-resolution (Mg 1s, Mg 2p, S 2p) x-ray photoelectron spectra of as-received magnesium sulfide powder (99.9%) are presented, including surface contaminants that originate from exposure to atmosphere (C 1s, O 1s). Minor impurities derived from sample synthesis (Al 2s, Al 2p) and packaging or processing (F 1s) are noted in the survey spectrum. 

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5. Arctic Permafrost Thawing Enhances Sulfide Oxidation

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GB007644  

   Kemeny, Preston Cosslett; Li, Gen K.; Douglas, Madison; Berelson, William; Chadwick, Austin J.; Dalleska, Nathan F.; Lamb, Michael P.; Larsen, William; Magyar, John S.; Rollins, Nick E.; et al (November 2023, Global Biogeochemical Cycles)

   Abstract Permafrost degradation is altering biogeochemical processes throughout the Arctic. Thaw‐induced changes in organic matter transformations and mineral weathering reactions are impacting fluxes of inorganic carbon (IC) and alkalinity (ALK) in Arctic rivers. However, the net impact of these changing fluxes on the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (pCO₂) is relatively unconstrained. Resolving this uncertainty is important as thaw‐driven changes in the fluxes of IC and ALK could produce feedbacks in the global carbon cycle. Enhanced production of sulfuric acid through sulfide oxidation is particularly poorly quantified despite its potential to remove ALK from the ocean‐atmosphere system and increasepCO₂, producing a positive feedback leading to more warming and permafrost degradation. In this work, we quantified weathering in the Koyukuk River, a major tributary of the Yukon River draining discontinuous permafrost in central Alaska, based on water and sediment samples collected near the village of Huslia in summer 2018. Using measurements of major ion abundances and sulfate () sulfur (³⁴S/³²S) and oxygen (¹⁸O/¹⁶O) isotope ratios, we employed the MEANDIR inversion model to quantify the relative importance of a suite of weathering processes and their net impact onpCO₂. Calculations found that approximately 80% of in mainstem samples derived from sulfide oxidation with the remainder from evaporite dissolution. Moreover,³⁴S/³²S ratios,¹³C/¹²C ratios of dissolved IC, and sulfur X‐ray absorption spectra of mainstem, secondary channel, and floodplain pore fluid and sediment samples revealed modest degrees of microbial sulfate reduction within the floodplain. Weathering fluxes of ALK and IC result in lower values ofpCO₂over timescales shorter than carbonate compensation (∼10⁴ yr) and, for mainstem samples, higher values ofpCO₂over timescales longer than carbonate compensation but shorter than the residence time of marine (∼10⁷ yr). Furthermore, the absolute concentrations of and Mg²⁺in the Koyukuk River, as well as the ratios of and Mg²⁺to other dissolved weathering products, have increased over the past 50 years. Through analogy to similar trends in the Yukon River, we interpret these changes as reflecting enhanced sulfide oxidation due to ongoing exposure of previously frozen sediment and changes in the contributions of shallow and deep flow paths to the active channel. Overall, these findings confirm that sulfide oxidation is a substantial outcome of permafrost degradation and that the sulfur cycle responds to permafrost thaw with a timescale‐dependent feedback on warming. 

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