The organic metal halide perovskite material is capable of high throughput manufacturing via traditional deposition processes used in roll-to-roll, yet thermal annealing post deposition may require long ovens. We report rapid annealed perovskite thin films using intense pulsed light (IPL) to initiate a radiative thermal response that is enabled by an alkyl halide additive that collectively improves the performance of a device processed in an ambient environment from a baseline of 10 to 16.5% efficiency. Previous reports on CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite films using IPL processing achieved functional devices in milli-second time scales and are promising for high throughput manufacturing processes under ambient conditions. In this study, we found that the addition of diiodomethane (CH 2 I 2 ) as an additive to the methylammonium iodide (MAI)/lead iodide (PbI 2 ) precursor ink chemistry and subsequent IPL thermal annealing are inter-dependent. The concentration of CH 2 I 2 and IPL processing parameters have a direct effect on the surface morphology of the films and performance within a perovskite solar cell (PSC). The CH 2 I 2 dissociates under exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the IPL source liberating iodine ions in the film, influencing the perovskite formation and reducing the defect states. We anticipate that these results can be utilized to further develop different ink formulations using alkyl halides for the IPL technique to improve the performance of perovskite solar cells processed in ambient conditions.
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Intense Pulse Light Annealing for Perovskite Photovoltaics
Rapid advancements within photovoltaics realm necessitates swift fabrication of the modules using cheap materials through cost effective manufacturing processes to achieve short cost payback time. Photovoltaics manufacturing includes chemical processing of the materials followed by thermal annealing. Yet, long-term annealing of the materials using high temperature furnaces have remained the prevalent post-processing approach in industry which necessitates alternative methods to achieve high performance modules through rapid and economical processes. Intense pulse light (IPL) has been successfully applied as a promising rapid post-process annealing for various thin film photovoltaics, particularly to process the organic-inorganic perovskite solar cell (PSC) layers. In this paper, several results pertinent to the application of IPL on perovskite and SnO2 electron transport thin films are presented and the role of IPL on rapid thermal annealing (RTA) is explained. We show that swift fabrication of PSCs through IPL can result in efficiencies exceeding 16% when the Perovskite film is annealed with aid of CH2I2 alkyl halide additive in the ambient with 60% relative humidity. In addition, the synergy of IPL-alkyl halide interaction for other perovskite chemistries is introduced. We show that achieving to PSCs exceeding 12% efficiency was possible when the perovskite and SnO2 ETL was annealed sequentially through IPL.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1828355
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10310617
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Rapid chemistry and processing development has increased the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in an unprecedented manner, yet postdeposition annealing impedes high‐throughput manufacturing. Herein, SnO2and carbon charge transport films are fabricated entirely through an integrated robotic setup utilizing inkjet printing and intense pulse light (IPL) as a high‐speed postprocess annealing method; hence, process optimization is crucial for successful fabrication of PSCs. This work investigates the role of inkjet deposition parameters as well as IPL annealing on the morphology and uniformity of films with aid of spectroscopy and spectrophotometry. Initially PSCs exceeding 13% efficiency are developed by only fabricating the SnO2film through the robotic setup, but spin coating all other films followed by IPL annealing to demonstrate successful fabrication of SnO2layer. Finally, SnO2and carbon back contact films are entirely fabricated through the integrated robotic setup in a high humid ambient environment (>60%), resulting in PSCs exceeding 5% efficiency. Unlike successful direct annealing of SnO2wet films, IPL annealing of wet carbon severely damaged the phase and morphology necessitating rapid solvent removal before IPL annealing. This work establishes pioneering steps towards utilizing IPL in an entirely automated fabrication line, allowing for scalable fabrication of PSCs through non‐roll‐to‐roll.
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Abstract Surface passivation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using a low‐cost industrial organic pigment quinacridone (QA) is presented. The procedure involves solution processing a soluble derivative of QA,
N ,N ‐bis(tert‐butyloxycarbonyl)‐quinacridone (TBOC‐QA), followed by thermal annealing to convert TBOC‐QA into insoluble QA. With halide perovskite thin films coated by QA, PSCs based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) showed significantly improved performance with remarkable stability. A PCE of 21.1 % was achieved, which is much higher than 18.9 % recorded for the unmodified devices. The QA coating with exceptional insolubility and hydrophobicity also led to greatly enhanced contact angle from 35.6° for the pristine MAPbI3thin films to 77.2° for QA coated MAPbI3thin films. The stability of QA passivated MAPbI3perovskite thin films and PSCs were significantly enhanced, retaining about 90 % of the initial efficiencies after more than 1000 hours storage under ambient conditions. -
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Abstract Surface passivation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) using a low‐cost industrial organic pigment quinacridone (QA) is presented. The procedure involves solution processing a soluble derivative of QA,
N ,N ‐bis(tert‐butyloxycarbonyl)‐quinacridone (TBOC‐QA), followed by thermal annealing to convert TBOC‐QA into insoluble QA. With halide perovskite thin films coated by QA, PSCs based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) showed significantly improved performance with remarkable stability. A PCE of 21.1 % was achieved, which is much higher than 18.9 % recorded for the unmodified devices. The QA coating with exceptional insolubility and hydrophobicity also led to greatly enhanced contact angle from 35.6° for the pristine MAPbI3thin films to 77.2° for QA coated MAPbI3thin films. The stability of QA passivated MAPbI3perovskite thin films and PSCs were significantly enhanced, retaining about 90 % of the initial efficiencies after more than 1000 hours storage under ambient conditions. -
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Abstract Organometal halide perovskites have powerful intrinsic potential to drive next‐generation solar technology, but their insufficient thermomechanical reliability and unproven large‐area manufacturability limit competition with incumbent silicon photovoltaics. This work addresses these limitations by leveraging large‐area processing and robust inorganic hole transport layers (HTLs). Inverted perovskite solar cells utilizing NiOxHTLs deposited by rapid aqueous spray‐coating that outperform spin‐coated NiOxand lead to a 5× improvement in the fracture energy (
G c), a primary metric of thermomechanical stability, are presented. The morphology, chemical composition, and optoelectronic properties of the NiOxfilms are characterized to understand and optimize compatibility with an archetypal double cation perovskite, Cs.17FA.83Pb(Br.17I.83)3. Perovskite solar cells with sprayed NiOxshow higher photovoltaic performance, exhibiting up to 82% fill factor and 17.7% power conversion efficiency (PCE)—the highest PCE reported for inverted cell with scalable charge transport layers—as well as excellent stability under full illumination and after 4000 h aging in inert conditions at room temperature. By utilizing open‐air techniques and aqueous precursors, this combination of robust materials and low‐cost processing provides a platform for scaling perovskite modules with long‐term reliability.
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Conference Paper:
- https://doi.org/10.1115/MSEC2020-8394
