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Obtaining dispersal estimates for a species is key to understanding local adaptation and population dynamics and to implementing conservation actions. Genetic isolation-by-distance (IBD) patterns can be used for estimating dispersal, and these patterns are especially useful for marine species in which few other methods are available. In this study, we genotyped coral reef fish (Amphiprion biaculeatus) at 16 microsatellite loci across eight sites across 210 km in the central Philippines to generate fine-scale estimates of dispersal. All sites except for one followed IBD patterns. Using IBD theory, we estimated a larval dispersal kernel spread of 8.9 km (95% confidence interval of 2.3–18.4 km). Genetic distance to the remaining site correlated strongly with the inverse probability of larval dispersal from an oceanographic model. Ocean currents were a better explanation for genetic distance at large spatial extents (sites greater than 150 km apart), while geographic distance remained the best explanation for spatial extents less than 150 km. Our study demonstrates the utility of combining IBD patterns with oceanographic simulations to understand connectivity in marine environments and to guide marine conservation strategies.
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A dual-mode floor isolation system to achieve vibration isolation and absorption: Experiments and theory
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Modern applications combine multiple components into single processes, leading to complex tradeoffs between isolation, performance, and programmability.We present the Endoprocess, a unique, microkernel-based approach for protection within process spaces. An endoprocess safely multiplexes process resources by exporting a low-level abstraction, the subprocess, that is transparently overlaid on existing process interfaces (like mmap, mprotect, etc), and provides extensibility and programmability through custom application-layer modules. We report experimental results of an initial prototype and highlight several application domains. Overall, the endoprocess presents a path for protection within processes while remaining compatible with existing OS abstractions and multiplexing them in a secure and extensible way.more » « less
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Olfaction is an important sense that has contributed to reproductive isolation and speciation in many taxa. However, in birds, olfaction and its potential role in communication has historically been neglected. Thus, what role olfaction plays in avian speciation is mostly unknown. Here, we aim to guide future research by highlighting the likely potential for olfaction to contribute to reproductive isolation and speciation in birds. First, we detail the best-understood example found thus far that is consistent with reproductive isolation by olfaction in birds: black-capped and Carolina chickadees. These species show interspecific differences in preen oil chemistry and conspecific odour preferences within their natural hybrid zone. We then suggest a number of promising avenues for future research and the kinds of systems, approaches and evidence that would help to advance this severely understudied area. In sum, the growing body of research into the chemical ecology of birds suggests an important role of olfaction in many areas of avian life. Future research will be necessary to determine to what extent olfaction contributes to the formation and maintenance of species boundaries in birds.more » « less
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2022.116757
