In the rhizosphere, the uptake of low-molecular-weight carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) by plant roots has been well documented. While organic N uptake relative to total uptake is important, organic C uptake is supposed to be low relative to the plant's C budget. Recently, radiocarbon analyses demonstrated that a fraction of C from the soil was occluded in amorphous silica micrometric particles that precipitate in plant cells (phytoliths). Here, we investigated whether and to what extent organically derived C absorbed by grass roots can feed the C occluded in phytoliths. For this purpose we added 13C- and 15N-labeled amino acids (AAs) to the silicon-rich hydroponic solution of the grass Festuca arundinacea. The experiment was designed to prevent C leakage from the labeled nutritive solution to the chamber atmosphere. After 14 days of growth, the 13C and 15N enrichments (13C excess and 15N excess) in the roots, stems and leaves as well as phytoliths were measured relative to a control experiment in which no labeled AAs were added. Additionally, the 13C excess was measured at the molecular level, in AAs extracted from roots and stems and leaves. The net uptake of labeled AA-derived 13C reached 4.5 % of the total AA 13C supply. The amount of AA-derived 13C fixed in the plant was minor but not nil (0.28 and 0.10 % of total C in roots and stems/leaves, respectively). Phenylalanine and methionine that were supplied in high amounts to the nutritive solution were more 13C-enriched than other AAs in the plant. This strongly suggested that part of AA-derived 13C was absorbed and translocated into the plant in its original AA form. In phytoliths, AA-derived 13C was detected. Its concentration was on the same order of magnitude as in bulk stems and leaves (0.15 % of the phytolith C). This finding strengthens the body of evidences showing that part of organic compounds occluded in phytoliths can be fed by C entering the plant through the roots. Although this experiment was done in nutrient solution and its relevance for soil C uptake assessment is therefore limited, we discuss plausible forms of AA-derived 13C absorbed and translocated in the plant and eventually fixed in phytoliths, and implications of our results for our understanding of the C cycle at the soil–plant–atmosphere interface
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A FRAMEWORK FOR TRANSDISCIPLINARY RADIOCARBON RESEARCH: USE OF NATURAL-LEVEL AND ELEVATED-LEVEL 14 C IN ANTARCTIC FIELD RESEARCH
ABSTRACT Radiocarbon ( 14 C) is an isotopic tracer used to address a wide range of scientific research questions. However, contamination by elevated levels of 14 C is deleterious to natural-level laboratory workspaces and accelerator mass spectrometer facilities designed to precisely measure small amounts of 14 C. The risk of contaminating materials and facilities intended for natural-level 14 C with elevated-level 14 C-labeled materials has dictated near complete separation of research groups practicing profoundly different measurements. Such separation can hinder transdisciplinary research initiatives, especially in remote and isolated field locations where both natural-level and elevated-level radiocarbon applications may be useful. This paper outlines the successful collaboration between researchers making natural-level 14 C measurements and researchers using 14 C-labeled materials during a subglacial drilling project in West Antarctica (SALSA 2018–2019). Our strict operating protocol allowed us to successfully carry out 14 C labeling experiments within close quarters at our remote field camp without contaminating samples of sediment and water intended for natural level 14 C measurements. Here we present our collaborative protocol for maintaining natural level 14 C cleanliness as a framework for future transdisciplinary radiocarbon collaborations.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1755125
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10317467
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Radiocarbon
- Volume:
- 63
- Issue:
- 5
- ISSN:
- 0033-8222
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract Objectives Bomb pulse (BP) radiocarbon (14C) dating methods are used by forensic anthropologists to estimate the year‐of‐death (YOD) of unidentified individuals. Method resolution and accuracy depend on establishing lag times, or the difference between a tissue's BP14C‐derived year and the YOD, of various tissue types from known deceased persons. Bone lag times span many years and are thought to increase with age as a function of slowing remodeling rates. However, remodeling rates for various skeletal elements, bone structures and phases are not well known.
Materials and Methods Here a simple method is used to estimate bone remodeling rates from a compilation of published cortical femur bone collagen BP14C measurements (
n = 102). Linear regression models and nonparametric tests are used to detect changes in lag times and remodeling rates with increasing age‐at‐death.Results Remodeling rates and lag times of 3.5%/year and 29 years, respectively, are estimated from individuals aged 40–97 years. In contrast to previous work, the analysis yielded modest and negligible changes in remodeling rates and lag times with advancing age. Moreover, statistically significant differences in remodeling rates and lag times were not found between reported females and males.
Discussion Implications for the temporal contexts within an individual's lifetime of biogeochemical data in archaeology and forensic anthropology are discussed, warranting additional BP14C studies of known individuals and integration with histomorphometric analysis.
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2021.55
