A Local Baseline of the Black Hole Mass Scaling Relations for Active Galaxies. IV. Correlations Between M BH and Host Galaxy σ, Stellar Mass, and Luminosity
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The end-Permian mass extinction event (∼252 Mya) is associated with one of the largest global carbon cycle perturbations in the Phanerozoic and is thought to be triggered by the Siberian Traps volcanism. Sizable carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) have been found at numerous sites around the world, suggesting massive quantities of 13 C-depleted CO 2 input into the ocean and atmosphere system. The exact magnitude and cause of the CIEs, the pace of CO 2 emission, and the total quantity of CO 2 , however, remain poorly known. Here, we quantify the CO 2 emission in an Earth system model based on new compound-specific carbon isotope records from the Finnmark Platform and an astronomically tuned age model. By quantitatively comparing the modeled surface ocean pH and boron isotope pH proxy, a massive (∼36,000 Gt C) and rapid emission (∼5 Gt C yr −1 ) of largely volcanic CO 2 source (∼−15%) is necessary to drive the observed pattern of CIE, the abrupt decline in surface ocean pH, and the extreme global temperature increase. This suggests that the massive amount of greenhouse gases may have pushed the Earth system toward a critical tipping point, beyond which extreme changes in ocean pH and temperature led to irreversible mass extinction. The comparatively amplified CIE observed in higher plant leaf waxes suggests that the surface waters of the Finnmark Platform were likely out of equilibrium with the initial massive centennial-scale release of carbon from the massive Siberian Traps volcanism, supporting the rapidity of carbon injection. Our modeling work reveals that carbon emission pulses are accompanied by organic carbon burial, facilitated by widespread ocean anoxia.more » « less
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{"Abstract":["This dataset includes mass spectra (.raw) and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data (.imzML) from deuterium oxide and 13-carbon dioxide labeling experiments on Lemna minor. The '.imzML files' are used to generate MS images with MSiReader. The data is organized into seven folders, along with a separate .xlsx analysis file, all of which correspond to the article "Spatio-Temporal Study of Galactolipid Biosynthesis in Duckweed Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging and in vivo Isotope Labeling." This study highlights how in vivo isotope labeling and MSI can provide spatio-temporal details in lipid biosynthesis in plant development."]}more » « less
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