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1. Structural water and disordered structure promote aqueous sodium-ion energy storage in sodium-birnessite

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12939-3  

   Shan, Xiaoqiang ; Guo, Fenghua ; Charles, Daniel S. ; Lebens-Higgins, Zachary ; Abdel Razek, Sara ; Wu, Jinpeng ; Xu, Wenqian ; Yang, Wanli ; Page, Katharine L. ; Neuefeind, Joerg C. ; et al ( December 2019 , Nature Communications)
2. A Numerical Investigation on the Variation of Sodium Ion and Observed Thermospheric Sodium Layer at Cerro Pachón, Chile During Equinox

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025927  

   Cai, Xuguang ; Yuan, Tao ; Eccles, J. Vincent ; Pedatella, N. M. ; Xi, Xiaoqi ; Ban, Chao ; Liu, Alan Z. ( December 2019 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics)
3. Sodium-based solid electrolytes and interfacial stability. Towards solid-state sodium batteries

   https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.104009  

   Edelman, D A. ; Brandt, T. G. ; Temeche, E. ; Laine, R. M. ( July 2022 , Materials today communications)

   Electrochemical energy storage is a cost-effective, sustainable method for storing and delivering energy gener- ated from renewable resources. Among electrochemical energy storage devices, the lithium-ion battery (LIB) has dominated due to its high energy and power density. The success of LIBs has generated increased interest in sodium-ion battery (NaB) technology amid concerns of the sustainability and cost of lithium resources. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that sodium-ion solid-state electrolytes (NaSEs) have considerable potential to enable new cell chemistries that can deliver superior electrochemical performance to liquid-electrolyte-based NaBs. However, their commercial implementation is hindered by slow ionic transport at ambient and chemical/ mechanical incompatibility at interfaces. In this review, various NaSEs are first characterized based on individual crystal structures and ionic conduction mechanisms. Subsequently, selected methods of modifying interfaces in sodium solid-state batteries (NaSSBs) are covered, including anode wetting, ionic liquid (IL) addition, and composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs). Finally, examples are provided of how these techniques improve cycle life and rate performance of different cathode materials including sulfur, oxide, hexacyanoferrate, and phosphate-type. A focus on interfacial modification and optimization is crucial for realizing next-generation batteries. Thus, the novel methods reviewed here could pave the way toward a NaSSB capablemore »of with- standing the high current and cycle life demands of future applications.« less
4. A Sodium–Antimony–Telluride Intermetallic Allows Sodium‐Metal Cycling at 100% Depth of Discharge and as an Anode‐Free Metal Battery

   https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202106005  

   Wang, Yixian ; Dong, Hui ; Katyal, Naman ; Hao, Hongchang ; Liu, Pengcheng ; Celio, Hugo ; Henkelman, Graeme ; Watt, John ; Mitlin, David ( November 2021 , Advanced Materials)
5. Electrodeposition of atmosphere-sensitive ternary sodium transition metal oxide films for sodium-based electrochemical energy storage

   https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025044118  

   Patra, Arghya ; Davis, III, Jerome ; Pidaparthy, Saran ; Karigerasi, Manohar H. ; Zahiri, Beniamin ; Kulkarni, Ashish A. ; Caple, Michael A. ; Shoemaker, Daniel P. ; Zuo, Jian Min ; Braun, Paul V. ( May 2021 , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)

   We introduce an intermediate-temperature (350 °C) dry molten sodium hydroxide-mediated binder-free electrodeposition process to grow the previously electrochemically inaccessible air- and moisture-sensitive layered sodium transition metal oxides, Na_xMO₂(M = Co, Mn, Ni, Fe), in both thin and thick film form, compounds which are conventionally synthesized in powder form by solid-state reactions at temperatures ≥700 °C. As a key motivation for this work, several of these oxides are of interest as cathode materials for emerging sodium-ion–based electrochemical energy storage systems. Despite the low synthesis temperature and short reaction times, our electrodeposited oxides retain the key structural and electrochemical performance observed in high-temperature bulk synthesized materials. We demonstrate that tens of micrometers thick >75% dense Na_xCoO₂and Na_xMnO₂can be deposited in under 1 h. When used as cathodes for sodium-ion batteries, these materials exhibit near theoretical gravimetric capacities, chemical diffusion coefficients of Na⁺ions (∼10⁻¹²cm²⋅s⁻¹), and high reversible areal capacities in the range ∼0.25 to 0.76 mA⋅h⋅cm⁻², values significantly higher than those reported for binder-free sodium cathodes deposited by other techniques. The method described here resolves longstanding intrinsic challenges associated with traditional aqueous solution-based electrodeposition of ceramic oxides and opens a general solution chemistry approach for electrochemical processing of hitherto unexplored air- and moisture-sensitivemore »high valent multinary structures with extended frameworks.

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