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A portrait of the Higgs boson by the CMS experiment ten years after the discovery
Abstract In July 2012, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the CERN Large Hadron Collider announced the observation of a Higgs boson at a mass of around 125 gigaelectronvolts. Ten years later, and with the data corresponding to the production of a 30-times larger number of Higgs bosons, we have learnt much more about the properties of the Higgs boson. The CMS experiment has observed the Higgs boson in numerous fermionic and bosonic decay channels, established its spin–parity quantum numbers, determined its mass and measured its production cross-sections in various modes. Here the CMS Collaboration reports the most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson, including the most stringent limit on the cross-section for the production of a pair of Higgs bosons, on the basis of data from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 teraelectronvolts. Within the uncertainties, all these observations are compatible with the predictions of the standard model of elementary particle physics. Much evidence points to the fact that the standard model is a low-energy approximation of a more comprehensive theory. Several of the standard model issues originate in the sector of Higgs boson physics. An order of magnitude larger number of Higgs bosons, expected more »
Authors:
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10338781
Journal Name:
Nature
Volume:
607
Issue:
7917
Page Range or eLocation-ID:
60 to 68
ISSN:
0028-0836
1. A bstract A search for nonresonant production of Higgs boson pairs via gluon-gluon and vector boson fusion processes in final states with two bottom quarks and two photons is presented. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s}$$ s = 13 TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 . No significant deviation from the background-only hypothesis is observed. An upper limit at 95% confidence level is set on the product of the Higgs boson pair production cross section and branching fraction into $$\gamma \gamma \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}$$ γγ b b ¯ . The observed (expected) upper limit is determined to be 0.67 (0 . 45) fb, which corresponds to 7.7 (5.2) times the standard model prediction. This search has the highest sensitivity to Higgs boson pair production to date. Assuming all other Higgs boson couplings are equal to their values in the standard model, the observed coupling modifiers of the trilinear Higgs boson self-coupling κ λ and the coupling between a pair of Higgs bosons and a pair of vector bosons c 2V are constrained within the ranges − 3 .more »
2. Abstract The rate for Higgs ( $${\mathrm{H}}$$ H ) bosons production in association with either one ( $${\mathrm{t}} {\mathrm{H}}$$ t H ) or two ( $${\mathrm{t}} {{\overline{{{\mathrm{t}}}}}} {\mathrm{H}}$$ t t ¯ H ) top quarks is measured in final states containing multiple electrons, muons, or tau leptons decaying to hadrons and a neutrino, using proton–proton collisions recorded at a center-of-mass energy of $$13\,\text {TeV}$$ 13 TeV by the CMS experiment. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 137 $$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 . The analysis is aimed at events that contain $${\mathrm{H}} \rightarrow {\mathrm{W}} {\mathrm{W}}$$ H → W W , $${\mathrm{H}} \rightarrow {\uptau } {\uptau }$$ H → τ τ , or $${\mathrm{H}} \rightarrow {\mathrm{Z}} {\mathrm{Z}}$$ H → Z Z decays and each of the top quark(s) decays either to lepton+jets or all-jet channels. Sensitivity to signal is maximized by including ten signatures in the analysis, depending on the lepton multiplicity. The separation among $${\mathrm{t}} {\mathrm{H}}$$ t H , $${\mathrm{t}} {{\overline{{{\mathrm{t}}}}}} {\mathrm{H}}$$ t t ¯ H , and the backgrounds is enhanced through machine-learning techniques and matrix-element methods. The measured production rates for the $${\mathrm{t}} {{\overline{{{\mathrm{t}}}}}} {\mathrm{H}}$$more »
3. A bstract A search for standard model Higgs bosons (H) produced with transverse momentum ( p T ) greater than 450 GeV and decaying to bottom quark-antiquark pairs ( $$\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}$$ b b ¯ ) is performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at $$\sqrt{s}$$ s = 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 . The search is inclusive in the Higgs boson production mode. Highly Lorentz-boosted Higgs bosons decaying to $$\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}$$ b b ¯ are reconstructed as single large-radius jets, and are identified using jet substructure and a dedicated b tagging technique based on a deep neural network. The method is validated with Z → $$\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}$$ b b ¯ decays. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, an excess of events above the background assuming no Higgs boson production is observed with a local significance of 2.5 standard deviations ( σ ), while the expectation is 0.7. The corresponding signal strength and local significance with respect to the standard model expectation are μ H = 3 . 7 ± 1 . 2(stat) $${}_{-0.7}^{+0.8}$$ − 0.7more »
5. A bstract A search for a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson (a) decaying from the 125 GeV (or a heavier) scalar Higgs boson (H) is performed using the 2016 LHC proton-proton collision data at $$\sqrt{s}$$ s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 . 9 fb − 1 , collected by the CMS experiment. The analysis considers gluon fusion and vector boson fusion production of the H, followed by the decay H → aa → μμττ , and considers pseudoscalar masses in the range 3 . 6 < m a < 21 GeV. Because of the large mass difference between the H and the a bosons and the small masses of the a boson decay products, both the μμ and the ττ pairs have high Lorentz boost and are collimated. The ττ reconstruction efficiency is increased by modifying the standard technique for hadronic τ lepton decay reconstruction to account for a nearby muon. No significant signal is observed. Model-independent limits are set at 95% confidence level, as a function of m a , on the branching fraction (ℬ) for H → aa → μμττ , down to 1 . 5 (2 . 0) × 10 −more »