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1. Massive MIMO in 5G: How Beamforming, Codebooks, and Feedback Enable Larger Arrays

   https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.001.2300064  

   Dreifuerst, Ryan M.; Heath, Robert W. (December 2023, IEEE Communications Magazine)

   Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is an important technology in fifth generation (5G) cellular networks and beyond. To help design the beamforming at the base station, 5G has introduced new support in the form of flexible feedback and configurable antenna array geometries that allow for arbitrarily massive phys- ical arrays. In this article, we present an overview of MIMO throughout the mobile standards, highlight the new beam-based feedback system in 5G NR, and de- scribe how this feedback system enables massive MIMO through beam management. Finally, we conclude with challenges related to massive MIMO in 5G. 

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2. Efficient Fuzzy-Based 3-D Flying Base Station Positioning and Trajectory for Emergency Management in 5G and Beyond Cellular Networks

   https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2024.3359776  

   Sobouti, Mohammad Javad; Adarbah, Haitham Y; Alaghehband, Afshin; Chitsaz, Hamid; Mohajerzadeh, Amirhossein; Sookhak, Mehdi; Seno, Seyed_Amin Hosseini; Vahedian, Abedin; Afghah, Fatemeh (June 2024, IEEE Systems Journal)

   The need for continuous coverage, as well as low-latency, and ultrareliable communication in 5G and beyond cellular networks encouraged the deployment of high-altitude platforms and low-altitude drones as flying base stations (FBSs) to provide last-mile communication where high cost or geographical restrictions hinder the installation of terrestrial base stations (BSs) or during the disasters where the BSs are damaged. The performance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted cellular systems in terms of coverage and quality of service offered for terrestrial users depends on the number of deployed FBSs, their 3-D location as well as trajectory. While several recent works have studied the 3-D positioning in UAV-assisted 5G networks, the problem of jointly addressing coverage and user data rate has not been addressed yet. In this article, we propose a solution for joint 3-D positioning and trajectory planning of FBSs with the objectives of the total distance between users and FBSs and minimizing the sum of FBSs flight distance by developing a fuzzy candidate points selection method. 

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3. 5G-CORNET: Platform as a Service

   Marojevic, Vuk; Kikamaze, Shem; Nealy, Randall; Dietrich, Carl (July 2018, IEEE 5G World Forum 2018)

   Practical testing of the latest wireless communications standards requires the availability of flexible radio frequency hardware, net-working and computing resources. We are providing a Cloud-based infrastructure which offers the necessary resources to carry out tests of the latest 5G standards. The testbed provides a Cloud-based Infrastructure as a Service. The research community can access hardware and software resources through a virtual platform that enables isolation and customization of experiments. In other words, researchers have control over the preferred experimental architecture and can run concurrent experiments on the same testbed. This paper introduces the resources that can be used to develop 5G testbeds and experiments. 

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4. Map-Assisted Millimeter Wave Localization for Accurate Position Location

   https://doi.org/10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013365  

   Kanhere, Ojas; Ju, Shihao; Xing, Yunchou; Rappaport, Theodore S. (December 2019, 2019 IEEE Global Communications Conference)

   null (Ed.)

   Accurate precise positioning at millimeter wave frequencies is possible due to the large available bandwidth that permits precise on-the-fly time of flight measurements using conventional air interface standards. In addition, narrow antenna beamwidths may be used to determine the angles of arrival and departure of the multipath components between the base station and mobile users. By combining accurate temporal and angular information of multipath components with a 3- D map of the environment (that may be built by each user or downloaded a-priori), robust localization is possible, even in non-line-of-sight environments. In this work, we develop an accurate 3-D ray tracer for an indoor office environment and demonstrate how the fusion of angle of departure and time of flight information in concert with a 3-D map of a typical large office environment provides a mean accuracy of 12.6 cm in line-of-sight and 16.3 cm in non-line-of-sight, over 100 receiver distances ranging from 1.5 m to 24.5 m using a single base station. We show how increasing the number of base stations improves the average non-line-of-sight position location accuracy to 5.5 cm at 21 locations with a maximum propagation distance of 24.5 m. Index Terms—localization; positioning; position location; navigation; mmWave; 5G; ray tracing; site-specific propagation; map-based 

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5. Deep Q-Network for 5G NR Downlink Scheduling

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCWorkshops53468.2022.9814547  

   AlQwider, Walaa; Rahman, Talha Faizur; Marojevic, Vuk (July 2022, Deep Q-Network for 5G NR Downlink Scheduling)

   The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced the fifth generation new radio (5G NR) specifications which offer much higher flexibility than legacy cellular communications standards to better handle the heterogeneous service and performance requirements of the emerging use cases. This flexibility, however, makes the resources management more complex. This paper therefore designs a data driven resource allocation method based on the deep Q-network (DQN). The objective of the proposed model is to maximize the 5G NR cell throughput while providing a fair resource allocation across all users. Numerical results using a 3GPP compliant 5G NR simulator demonstrate that the DQN scheduler better balances the cell throughput and user fairness than existing schedulers. 

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