Abstract We construct an Euler system associated to regular algebraic, essentially conjugate self-dual cuspidal automorphic representations of $${{\,\mathrm{GL}\,}}_3$$ GL 3 over imaginary quadratic fields, using the cohomology of Shimura varieties for $${\text {GU}}(2, 1)$$ GU ( 2 , 1 ) . more »« less
Le, Daniel; Morra, Stefano; Schraen, Benjamin
(, Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu)
null
(Ed.)
Let $$F$$ be a totally real field in which $$p$$ is unramified. Let $$\overline{r}:G_{F}\rightarrow \text{GL}_{2}(\overline{\mathbf{F}}_{p})$$ be a modular Galois representation that satisfies the Taylor–Wiles hypotheses and is tamely ramified and generic at a place $$v$$ above $$p$$ . Let $$\mathfrak{m}$$ be the corresponding Hecke eigensystem. We describe the $$\mathfrak{m}$$ -torsion in the $$\text{mod}\,p$$ cohomology of Shimura curves with full congruence level at $$v$$ as a $$\text{GL}_{2}(k_{v})$$ -representation. In particular, it only depends on $$\overline{r}|_{I_{F_{v}}}$$ and its Jordan–Hölder factors appear with multiplicity one. The main ingredients are a description of the submodule structure for generic $$\text{GL}_{2}(\mathbf{F}_{q})$$ -projective envelopes and the multiplicity one results of Emerton, Gee and Savitt [Lattices in the cohomology of Shimura curves, Invent. Math. 200 (1) (2015), 1–96].
Benrabaa, Samiha AM; Mykles, Donald L
(, General and Comparative Endocrinology)
Molting in decapod crustaceans is controlled by ecdysteroids synthesized and secreted by the molting gland, or Yorgan (YO). The YO undergoes phenotypic changes in ecdysteroid production that drive molt cycle stage transitions; these are the basal, activated, committed, and repressed states in the intermolt, early premolt, mid- and late premolt, and postmolt stages, respectively. Reduced secretion of molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) by a neurosecretory center in the eyestalk ganglia activates the YO and the animal transitions to early premolt. During premolt, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta)/Activin-Myostatin (Mstn) signaling mediates the transition of the YO from the activated to the committed state, as SB431542 blocks this transition. In the blackback land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, the YO expresses genes involved in ecdysteroid synthesis (Gl-NADK, Gl-ALAS and Halloween genes Gl-Nvd, Gl-Spo, Gl-Phm, Gl-Dib, and Gl-Sad) and catabolism (Gl-CYP18a1); ecdysteroid signaling (ecdysteroid responsive genes Gl-EcR, Gl-RXR, Gl-Br-C, Gl-HR3, Gl-HR4, Gl-E74, Gl-E75, and Gl-Ftz-f1); and Gl-FOXO. Intermolt adult G. lateralis were induced to molt by eyestalk ablation (ESA) and injected with either dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle (control) or SB431542 in DMSO (experimental) at Day 0. ESA increased hemolymph ecdysteroid titer at 1, 3, and 5 days post-ESA in both control and experimental groups, indicating that SB431542 had no effect on YO activation. Ecdysteroid titer did not increase further in the experimental group at 7 and 14 days post-ESA, indicating that SB431542 prevented transition of the YO to the committed state. ESA with or without SB431542 had no effect on the mRNA levels of the eight ecdysteroid metabolism genes, seven of the eight ecdysteroid responsive genes (the only exception was Gl-E74 at 1 day post-ESA), and Gl-FOXO at 1, 3, and 5 days post-ESA. Compared to the control group, SB431542 lowered the mRNA level of Gl-Nvd at 7 and 14 days post-ESA and mRNA levels of Gl-Spo, Gl-Phm, Gl-Dib, Gl-Sad, Gl-CYP18a1, Gl-ALAS, Gl-NADK, Gl-EcR, Gl-RXR, GlBr-C, and Gl-FOXO at 14 days post-ESA. SB431542 had no effect on the mRNA levels of Gl-HR3 Gl-HR4, Gl-E74, Gl-E75 and Gl-Ftz-f1. These results suggest that TGF beta/Activin-Mstn signaling maintains the mRNA levels of genes needed for increased ecdysteroid synthesis and signaling in the committed YO during mid- and late premolt.
Vögeli, Bastian; Schulz, Luca; Garg, Shivani; Tarasava, Katia; Clomburg, James M; Lee, Seung Hwan; Gonnot, Aislinn; Moully, Elamar Hakim; Kimmel, Blaise R; Tran, Loan; et al
(, Nature Communications)
Abstract Carbon-negative synthesis of biochemical products has the potential to mitigate global CO2emissions. An attractive route to do this is the reverse β-oxidation (r-BOX) pathway coupled to the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Here, we optimize and implement r-BOX for the synthesis of C4-C6 acids and alcohols. With a high-throughput in vitro prototyping workflow, we screen 762 unique pathway combinations using cell-free extracts tailored for r-BOX to identify enzyme sets for enhanced product selectivity. Implementation of these pathways intoEscherichia coligenerates designer strains for the selective production of butanoic acid (4.9 ± 0.1 gL−1), as well as hexanoic acid (3.06 ± 0.03 gL−1) and 1-hexanol (1.0 ± 0.1 gL−1) at the best performance reported to date in this bacterium. We also generateClostridium autoethanogenumstrains able to produce 1-hexanol from syngas, achieving a titer of 0.26 gL−1in a 1.5 L continuous fermentation. Our strategy enables optimization of r-BOX derived products for biomanufacturing and industrial biotechnology.
Link, Katie A.; Spurzem, Gabrielle N.; Tuladhar, Aashish; Chase, Zizwe; Wang, Zheming; Wang, Hongfei; Walker, Robert Allan
(, The journal of physical chemistry. A)
Surface tension, surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry measurements were all used to test cooperative adsorption of glucuronic acid (GU) to DPPC monolayers adsorbed to the aqueous/vapor interface. Experiments were performed using GU solutions prepared in Millipore water and in carbonate/bicarbonate solutions buffered to a pH of 9.0. The effects of GU on DPPC monolayer structure and organization were carried out with tightly packed monolayers (40 Å2/DPPC) and monolayers in their liquid condensed phase (55 Å2/molecule). Surface tension data show that GU concentrations of 50 mM lead to expanded DPPC monolayers with diminished surface tensions (or higher surface pressures) at a given DPPC coverage relative to monolayers on pure water. With unbuffered solutions, GU induces significant ordering within liquid condensed monolayers although the effects of GU on tightly packed DPPC monolayers are less pronounced. GU also induces a second, higher melting temperature in DPPC vesicles implying that GU (at sufficiently high concentrations) strengthens lipid-lipid cohesion, possibly by replacing water solvating the DPPC headgroups. Together, these observations all support a cooperative adsorption mechanism. In buffer solutions, the effects of dissolved GU on DPPC structure and organization are muted. Only at sufficiently high GU concentrations (when the solution’s buffering capacity has been exceeded) do the data again show evidence of cooperative adsorption. These findings place limits on cooperative adsorption’s ability to enrich interfacial organic content in alkaline environmental systems such as oceans.
Singh, Sumit K.; Lee, Kelvin H.
(, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology)
Glycosylation is a critical quality attribute of monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) is an invaluable technology for the characterization of protein glycosylation. HILIC/MS-based glycan analysis relies on the library search using Glucose Units (GU) and accurate mass (AM) as the primary search parameters for identification. However, GU-based identifications are gradient-dependent and are not suitable for applications where separation gradients need to be optimized to analyze complex samples or achieve higher throughput. Additionally, the workflow requires calibration curves (using dextran ladder) to be generated for each analysis campaign, which in turn, are used to derive the GU values of the separated glycan species. To overcome this limitation, we employed a two-step strategy for targeted glycan analysis of a mAb expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The first step is to create a custom library of the glycans of interest independent of GU values (thereby eliminating the need for a calibration curve) and instead uses AM and retention time (RT) as the primary search variables. The second step is to perform targeted glycan screening using the custom-built library. The developed workflow was applied for targeted glycan analysis of a mAb expressed in CHO for 1) cell line selection 2) characterizing the day-wise glycan evolution in a model mAb during a fed-batch culture, 3) assessing the impact of different media conditions on glycosylation, and 4) evaluating the impact of two different process conditions on glycosylation changes in a model mAb grown in a bioreactor. Taken together, the data presented in this study provides insights into the sources of glycan heterogeneity in a model mAb that are seen during its commercial manufacturing.
Loeffler, David, Skinner, Christopher, and Zerbes, Sarah Livia. An Euler system for GU(2, 1). Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10343533. Mathematische Annalen 382.3-4 Web. doi:10.1007/s00208-021-02224-4.
Loeffler, David, Skinner, Christopher, & Zerbes, Sarah Livia. An Euler system for GU(2, 1). Mathematische Annalen, 382 (3-4). Retrieved from https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10343533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-021-02224-4
@article{osti_10343533,
place = {Country unknown/Code not available},
title = {An Euler system for GU(2, 1)},
url = {https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10343533},
DOI = {10.1007/s00208-021-02224-4},
abstractNote = {Abstract We construct an Euler system associated to regular algebraic, essentially conjugate self-dual cuspidal automorphic representations of $${{\,\mathrm{GL}\,}}_3$$ GL 3 over imaginary quadratic fields, using the cohomology of Shimura varieties for $${\text {GU}}(2, 1)$$ GU ( 2 , 1 ) .},
journal = {Mathematische Annalen},
volume = {382},
number = {3-4},
author = {Loeffler, David and Skinner, Christopher and Zerbes, Sarah Livia},
}
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