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1. CPT-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand

   https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293021996367  

   Geyin, Mertcan; Maurer, Brett W; Bradley, Brendon A; Green, Russell A; van Ballegooy, Sjoerd (January 2021, Earthquake Spectra)

   null (Ed.)

   Earthquakes occurring over the past decade in the Canterbury region of New Zealand have resulted in liquefaction case-history data of unprecedented quantity. This provides the profession with a unique opportunity to advance the prediction of liquefaction occurrence and consequences. Toward that end, this article presents a curated dataset containing ∼15,000 cone-penetration-test-based liquefaction case histories compiled from three earthquakes in Canterbury. The compiled, post-processed data are presented in a dense array structure, allowing researchers to easily access and analyze a wealth of information pertinent to free-field liquefaction response (i.e. triggering and surface manifestation). Research opportunities using these data include, but are not limited to, the training or testing of new and existing liquefaction-prediction models. The many methods used to obtain and process the case-history data are detailed herein, as is the structure of the compiled digital file. Finally, recommendations for analyzing the data are outlined, including nuances and limitations that users should carefully consider. 

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2. CPT-Based Liquefaction Case Histories from Global Earthquakes: A Digital Dataset

   https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-8hvd-hd43  

   Rateria, Gunjan; Geyin, Mertcan; Maurer, Brett (January 2024, Designsafe-CI)

   This dataset contains 332 CPT-based liquefaction case histories from 25 globally distributed earthquakes. These data, or subsets of these data, have been analyzed in the literature and are provided here to replicate published results. These cases are sourced from existing studies, to include observations of manifestation severity, CPT soundings, and estimation of GWT depth and ground-motion IMs, as generally reported by original investigators. When available, recent refinements were adopted from the literature. Of the 332 global cases, ~55% are “Manifestation” and ~45% are “No Manifestation.” The compiled, post-processed data is presented in a structure array (a single file), allowing researchers to easily access and analyze information pertinent to free-field liquefaction response (i.e., triggering and surface manifestation). Research opportunities using this data include, but are not limited to, the training or testing of new and existing liquefaction-prediction models. Information describing the contents and structure of the case-history data are provided in a ReadME document. Note: This database substantially augments, and thus supersedes, that of Geyin and Maurer (2021). Geyin, M., B. Maurer (2021). "CPT-Based Liquefaction Case Histories from Global Earthquakes: A Digital Dataset (Version 1)", in CPT-Based Liquefaction Case Histories from Global Earthquakes: A Digital Dataset (Version 1). DesignSafe-CI. https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-wftt-mv37 

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3. CPT-Based Liquefaction Case Histories from Global Earthquakes: A Digital Dataset (Version 1)

   https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-wftt-mv37  

   Geyin, Mertcan; Maurer, Brett (January 2021, Designsafe-CI)

   This dataset contains 275 CPT-based liquefaction case histories from 21 globally distributed earthquakes. These data, or subsets of these data, have been analyzed in the literature and are provided here to replicate published results.These cases are sourced from existing studies, to include observations of manifestation severity, CPT soundings, and estimation of GWT depth and ground-motion IMs, as generally reported by original investigators. When available, recent refinements were adopted from the literature. The compiled, post-processed data is presented in a structure array (a single file), allowing researchers to easily access and analyze information pertinent to free-field liquefaction response (i.e., triggering and surface manifestation). Research opportunities using this data include, but are not limited to, the training or testing of new and existing liquefaction-prediction models. Information describing the contents and structure of the case-history data are provided in a ReadME document. 

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4. Liquefaction Triggering, Consequences, and Mitigation

   https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784481455.018  

   Upadhyaya, Sneha; Maurer, Brett W.; Green, Russell A.; Rodriguez-Marek, Adrian (June 2018, Proc. Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V (GEESD V), Liquefaction Triggering, Consequences, and Mitigation (S.J. Brandenberg and M.T. Manzari, eds.), ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication (GSP) 290)

   The liquefaction potential index (LPI) was found to significantly overpredict the severity of observed liquefaction for a large subset of case histories compiled from Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes. One potential cause for these overpredictions is the presence of nonliquefiable capping and interbedded strata with high fines-content and/or plasticity that suppress surficial liquefaction manifestations. Herein, receiver-operating-characteristic analyses of compiled Canterbury, New Zealand, liquefaction case histories are used to investigate LPI performance as a function of the soil-behavior-type index averaged over the upper of 20 m (Ic20) of a profile; Ic20 is used to infer the amount of high fines-content, high-plasticity strata in a profile. It is shown that generally: (1) the relationship between computed LPI and the severity of surficial liquefaction manifestations is Ic20-dependent; and (2) the ability of LPI to segregate cases on the basis of observed manifestation severity using LPI decreases with increasing Ic20. In conjunction with previous studies, these findings support the need for an improved index that more adequately accounts for the mechanics of liquefaction triggering and manifestation. 

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5. Select liquefaction case histories from the 2001 Nisqually, Washington, earthquake: A digital data set and assessment of model performance

   https://doi.org/10.1177/87552930231174244  

   Rasanen, Ryan A; Geyin, Mertcan; Maurer, Brett W (January 2023, Earthquake Spectra)

   While soil liquefaction is common in earthquakes, the case-history data required to train and test state-of-practice prediction models remains comparatively scarce, owing to the breadth and expense of data that comprise a single case history. The 2001 Nisqually, Washington, earthquake, for example, occurred in a metropolitan region and induced damaging liquefaction in the urban cores of Seattle and Olympia, yet case-history data have not previously been published. Accordingly, this article compiles 24 cone-penetration-test (CPT) case histories from free-field locations. The many methods used to obtain and process the data are detailed herein, as is the structure of the digital data set. The case histories are then analyzed by 18 existing liquefaction response models to determine whether any is better, and to compare model performance in Nisqually against global observations. While differences are measured, both between models and against prior global case histories, these differences are often statistically insignificant considering finite-sample uncertainty. This alludes to the general inappropriateness of championing models based on individual earthquakes or otherwise small data sets, and to the ongoing needs for additional case-history data and more rigorous adherence to best practices in model training and testing. 

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