Two-phase thermal management offers cooling performance enhancement by an order of magnitude higher than single-phase flow due to the latent heat associated with phase change. Among the modes of phase-change, boiling can effectively remove massive amounts of heat flux from the surface by employing structured or 3D microporous coatings to significantly enlarge the interfacial surface area for improved heat transfer rate as well as increase the number of potential sites for bubble nucleation and departure. The bubble dynamics during pool boiling are often considered to be essential in predicting heat transfer performance, causing it to be a field of significant interest. While prior investigations seek to modulate the bubble dynamics through either active (e.g., surfactants, electricity) or passive means (e.g., surface wettability, microstructures), the utilization of an ordered microporous architecture to instigate desirable liquid and vapor flow field has been limited. Here, we investigate the bubble dynamics using various spatial patterns of inverse opal channels to induce preferential heat and mass flow site in highly-interconnected microporous media. A fully-coated inverse opal surface demonstrates the intrinsic boiling effects of a uniform microporous coating, which exhibits 156% enhancement in heat transfer coefficient in comparison to the polished silicon surface. The boiling heat transfer performances of spatially-variant inverse opal channels significantly differ based on the pitch spacings between the microporous channels, which dictate the bubble coalescent behaviors and bubble departure characteristics. The elucidated boiling heat transfer performances will provide engineering guidance toward designing optimal two-phase thermal management devices.
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Two-Dimensional Flow Boiling Characteristics With Wettability Surface in Microgap Heat Sink and Heat Transfer Prediction Using Artificial Neural Network
Abstract As technology becomes increasingly miniaturized, thermal management becomes challenging to keep devices away from overheating due to extremely localized heat dissipation. Two-phase cooling or flow boiling in microspaces utilizes the highly efficient thermal energy transport of phase change from liquid to vapor. However, the excessive consumption of liquid-phase by highly localized heat source causes the two-phase flow maldistribution, leading to a significantly reduced heat transfer coefficient, high-pressure loss, and limited flow rate. In this study, flow boiling in a two-dimensional (2D) microgap heat sink with a hydrophilic coating is investigated with bubble morphology, heat transfer, and pressure drop for conventional (nonhydrophilic) and hydrophilic heat sinks. The experiments are carried out on a stainless steel (SS) plate, having a microgap depth of 170 μm using de-ionized (DI) water at room temperature. Two different hydrophilic surfaces (partial and full channel shape) are fabricated on the heated surface to compare the thermal performance with the conventional surface. Vapor films and slugs are flushed quickly on the hydrophilic surfaces, resulting in heat transfer enhancement on the hydrophilic heat sink compared to the conventional heat sink. The channel hydrophilic heat sink shows better cooling performance and pressure stability as it provides a smooth route for the incoming water to cool the hot spot. Moreover, the artificial neural network (ANN) prediction of heat transfer coefficient shows a good agreement with the experimental results as data fit within ±5% average error.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1707056
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10345247
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Heat Transfer
- Volume:
- 143
- Issue:
- 9
- ISSN:
- 0022-1481
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051602
