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1. The Design and SAR Analysis of Wearable UWB Antenna for Radiative Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer

   https://doi.org/10.1109/IMBioC52515.2022.9790243  

   Kakaraparty, Karthik; Mahbub, Ifana (May 2022, 2022 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Biomedical Conference (IMBioC))

   This paper presents design of a wearable UWB (ultra-wide band) antenna and its corresponding SAR (specific absorption rate) analysis and power transfer capability estimation when it is placed on a human body. In this work, Polyimide with a thickness of 0.1 mm is used as the substrate material, and gold with a thickness of 200 nm is used for the patch and ground material. The dielectric constant and tangent loss of the polyimide substrate are 3.5 and 0.0002, respectively. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are 30×30×0.1004 mm3. The designed antenna has the resonating frequency at 3.11 GHz and a bandwidth of 3.06GHz. The near-field gain of the designed antenna is 6.43 dBi. The SAR analysis generated SAR values of 0.138 W/kg and 0.147 W/kg for antenna placed on flat body model and curved body model, respectively, which are within the safe limit of 2 W/kg averaged over 10g of tissue as specified by the ICNIRP (International Commission of Non-Ionization Radiation Protection). This indicates that the antenna is safe and suitable for use in wireless wearable sensors. 

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2. Design of a Compact 24 GHz Antenna Array for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Communication

   https://doi.org/10.1109/AP-S/USNC-URSI47032.2022.9886200  

   Kakaraparty, Karthik; Roy, Sunanda; Mahbub, Ifana (September 2022, 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (AP-S/URSI))

   This paper presents the design of a compact 4 × 4 antenna array suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication applications. The proposed antenna array can offer a narrow beamwidth, high gain, wide beam steering capability and is highly compact. The substrate material used is Rogers 5880 with a thickness of 0.2 mm, and copper is used for the patch and ground material with 0.14 mm thickness. The di-electric constant and the tangent loss of the Rogers substrate are 2.2 and 0.0004, respectively. 45° phase shifters are incorporated in the feeding paths to facilitate the beamsteering. The dimensions of the proposed antenna array are 32 × 32 × 0.48 mm 3 . The designed antenna array has the resonating frequency at 24 GHz and has a bandwidth of 0.83 GHz (3.5% fractional bandwidth). The measured far field gain of the designed antenna array is 16.7 dBi. The beamwidth derived from the array’s far-field radiation pattern is 14.6°, and the maximum beam steering range of the array is 102° along the θ axis. 

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3. Wideband Patch Antenna with Modified L-Probe Feeding for mmWave 5G Mobile Applications

   https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163119  

   Lee, Woncheol; Won, Hoyun; Hong, Yang-Ki; Choi, Minyeong; An, Sung-Yong (August 2024, Electronics)

   This paper presents a wideband low-profile dual-polarized patch antenna with helical-shaped L-probe feeding (HLF) for mmWave 5G mobile device applications. Parametric studies on the HLF structure are performed to identify the optimal specifications. As a result, the optimized antenna achieves a wide bandwidth of 5.4 GHz (24.2–29.6 GHz), good isolation > 18 dB between ports, and 5.1 dBi of good peak realized gain, which is experimentally verified with a 10× upscaled antenna. In addition, various one × four phased arrays with different port configurations and beamform capabilities are designed and simulated for the peak realized gain. The designed antenna array shows a high peak realized gain of 10 dBi, high isolation of 15 dB between the ports, and a small substrate thickness of 0.048λ0 (λ0 is the wavelength of 24.25 GHz). Compared to the state-of-the-art antennas, the designed dual-polarized antenna can operate in the frequency ranges of 24.25–29.6 GHz, including n257, n258, and n261 of the 5G new radio frequency range 2. 

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4. A Wideband CPW-Fed Monopole Antenna for High-Temperature Applications

   https://doi.org/10.23919/USNC-URSI52669.2022.9887504  

   Mertvyy, Aleks; Renk, Noah; Bigelow, Vincent; Younes, Bachir Adham; Sekhar, Praveen; Karacolak, Tutku (September 2022, 2022 IEEE USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting)

   As the advancement of wireless devices and their applications progress, it is important to produce novel aspects of a usual design to expand their capabilities. One such application could be for extreme circumstances that would include high temperatures. In order to approach this issue, a new substrate has been proposed to implement high-temperature devices. Zirconia Ribbon Ceramic (ZRC) is made of YSZ with high temperature tolerance, smooth surface, moisture resistant, mechanically robust, and low thermal mass properties [1] . Recent publications has demonstrated the suitability of ZRC for implementing functional devices [ 1 –​3 ]. Due to this material’s durability and capability of resisting high temperatures, it provides a desirable opportunity of applying this material as a substrate for patch antenna applications. The application of this material, however, requires the understanding of its electrical properties and behavior. This proposed material has a high relative permittivity and a low loss tangent as compared to traditionally available substrates. The high dielectric constant of ZRC along with low loss characteristics allows for realizing efficient wireless systems with smaller form factor. In this study, a wideband patch antenna on ZRC substrate is proposed for high-temperature environments. The antenna operates within 1.89 GHz–3 GHz frequency range, and can be used for WLAN, ISM band, and S-band applications. 

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5. Solution‐Processed Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x MXene Antennas for Radio‐Frequency Communication

   https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202003225  

   Han, Meikang; Liu, Yuqiao; Rakhmanov, Roman; Israel, Christopher; Tajin, Md_Abu_Saleh; Friedman, Gary; Volman, Vladimir; Hoorfar, Ahmad; Dandekar, Kapil_R; Gogotsi, Yury (November 2020, Advanced Materials)

   Abstract Highly integrated, flexible, and ultrathin wireless communication components are in significant demand due to the explosive growth of portable and wearable electronic devices in the fifth‐generation (5G) network era, but only conventional metals meet the requirements for emerging radio‐frequency (RF) devices so far. Here, it is reported on Ti₃C₂T_xMXene microstrip transmission lines with low‐energy attenuation and patch antennas with high‐power radiation at frequencies from 5.6 to 16.4 GHz. The radiation efficiency of a 5.5 µm thick MXene patch antenna manufactured by spray‐coating from aqueous solution reaches 99% at 16.4 GHz, which is about the same as that of a standard 35 µm thick copper patch antenna at about 15% of its thickness and 7% of the copper weight. MXene outperforms all other materials evaluated for patch antennas to date. Moreover, it is demonstrated that an MXene patch antenna array with integrated feeding circuits on a conformal surface has comparable performance with that of a copper antenna array at 28 GHz, which is a target frequency in practical 5G applications. The versatility of MXene antennas in wide frequency ranges coupled with the flexibility, scalability, and ease of solution processing makes MXene promising for integrated RF components in various flexible electronic devices. 

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