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2. Methylidyne Transfer Reactions with Niobium

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3. Progress on Zirconium-Doped Niobium Surfaces

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4. Layered Nano‐Mosaic of Niobium Disulfide Heterostructures by Direct Sulfidation of Niobium Carbide MXenes for Hydrogen Evolution

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5. Ion emission from niobium nanosecond laser plasma

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2025.114048  

   Islam, Md Obidul; Mahmood, Rawdah; Elsayed-Ali, Hani E (April 2025, Vacuum)

   A niobium laser multicharged ion source was developed using laser ablation with 10-ns, 1064-nm pulses and a laser fluence of 10–83 Jcm-2. Three distinct groups of Nb ions were detected: ultrafast, fast, and thermal. The ions were accelerated and allowed to drift in a transport line containing an electrostatic ion energy analyzer, a retarding field analyzer, and a Faraday cup. Analysis of the ion energy and charge (z) showed that each group of ions experienced different acceleration potentials during plasma expansion. Time-of-flight (TOF) signal of the thermal ions showed overlap of the signals from Nb1+ and Nb2+. For the fast ion group, z up to Nb7+ was observed and the ion acceleration potential during plasma expansion increased with z, over the charge states from Nb1+ to Nb7+. The TOF signal indicated that the ultrafast ions were composed of higher-charge ions. 

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