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Abstract Sea‐ice loss and radiative feedbacks have been proposed to explain Arctic amplification (AA)—the enhanced Arctic warming under increased greenhouse gases, but their relationship is unclear. By analyzing coupled CESM1 simulations with 1%/year CO2increases, we show that without large sea‐ice loss and AA, the lapse rate, Planck, and surface albedo feedbacks are greatly reduced, while the positive water vapor feedback changes little. The positive Arctic lapse rate feedback, which results from enhanced surface warming rather than the high stability of Arctic air, and changes in atmospheric energy transport across the Arctic Circle are a result, not a cause, of AA; while the water vapor feedback also plays a minor role. Instead, AA results from enhanced winter oceanic heating associated with sea‐ice loss that is aided by a positive surface albedo feedback in summer and positive cloud feedback in winter.
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Drivers of Global Clear Sky Surface Downwelling Longwave Irradiance Trends From 1984 to 2017
Abstract Radiation changes at the Earth's surface alter climate, however, the causes of observed surface radiation changes are not precisely quantified globally. With complete global coverage by ERA‐Interim, the drivers of the clear sky surface downwelling longwave irradiance (SDLI) trends from 1984 to 2017 are quantifiable everywhere. Trends in atmospheric temperature and water vapor contributed significantly (∼90%) to clear sky SDLI trends, including trends consistent with Arctic warming and Southern Ocean cooling. CO2contributed ∼10% and other greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O, CFC‐11, and CFC‐12) ∼1% to the SDLI trends. These observation‐based results are consistent with early CO2‐doubling climate model calculations wherein temperature and water vapor changes drove ∼90% of the SDLI change. The well‐mixed greenhouse gases drive location‐dependent SDLI trends that are strongest over regions with climatologically high temperatures and low water vapor amounts.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1822015
- PAR ID:
- 10366698
- Publisher / Repository:
- DOI PREFIX: 10.1029
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Volume:
- 48
- Issue:
- 22
- ISSN:
- 0094-8276
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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