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Abstract Therapeutic antibodies, due to their high affinity and specificity toward their biological targets, may demonstrate reduced harmful side effects compared with traditional drug moieties. While most of the as‐yet clinically approved antibody therapeutics have targeted extracellular or membrane‐bound domains, the ability to target intracellular antigens with antibodies opens up tremendous opportunities for imaging, diagnosis, and therapeutic applications. Generally, delivery concerns have limited the ability to target intracellular antigens, as many antibodies cannot easily cross the cell membrane due to their size and surface chemistry. Delivery platforms have been explored to address this issue, including physical methods, fusion protein/peptide techniques, and synthetic carrier‐based systems. This review summarizes the progress of carrier‐based intracellular antibody delivery systems employing synthetic lipids, polymers, and inorganic nanomaterials. Antibodies targeting various epitopes have been loaded through adsorption, conjugation, or physical encapsulation strategies. Successful intracellular deliveries have been demonstrated largely through fluorescence imaging using dye‐labeled antibody cargos. Specific synthetic delivery platforms have great potential for ex vivo and in vivo therapeutic applications. Challenges and opportunities are further discussed for material scientists to explore in this research area.
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Approaches for the detection and analysis of antidrug antibodies to biopharmaceuticals: A review
Antibody‐based therapeutic agents and other biopharmaceuticals are now used in the treatment of many diseases. However, when these biopharmaceuticals are administrated to patients, an immune reaction may occur that can reduce the drug's efficacy and lead to adverse side‐effects. The immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals can be evaluated by detecting and measuring antibodies that have been produced against these drugs, or antidrug antibodies. Methods for antidrug antibody detection and analysis can be important during the selection of a therapeutic approach based on such drugs and is crucial when developing and testing new biopharmaceuticals. This review examines approaches that have been used for antidrug antibody detection, measurement, and characterization. Many of these approaches are based on immunoassays and antigen binding tests, including homogeneous mobility shift assays. Other techniques that have been used for the analysis of antidrug antibodies are capillary electrophoresis, reporter gene assays, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The general principles of each approach will be discussed, along with their recent applications with regards to antidrug antibody analysis.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2108881
- PAR ID:
- 10369856
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Separation Science
- Volume:
- 45
- Issue:
- 12
- ISSN:
- 1615-9306
- Format(s):
- Medium: X Size: p. 2077-2092
- Size(s):
- p. 2077-2092
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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