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1. “Did You Just Purchase a Butt Head on Amazon?” – A Diary Study of Couples’ Everyday Account Sharing

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3406865.3418340  

   Lin, Junchao; Yu, Irene; Hong, Jason; Dabbish, Laura (October 2020, CSCW '20 Companion: Conference Companion Publication of the 2020 on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing)

   null (Ed.)

   Many couples report sharing digital accounts for convenience even though this puts their privacy and security at risk. In order to design for couples' secured information sharing needs, we need to look at their day-to-day account sharing behaviors in context. We conducted a 30-day diary study of daily account sharing behaviors with 14 participants currently in a romantic relationship. We analyzed 382 diary entries and 529 sharing stories to understand couples' everyday sharing behaviors. Our study also coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing us to discover new sharing behaviors and account uses in quarantine. 

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2. Longitudinal Validity and Reliability of Brief Smartphone Self-Monitoring of Diet, Stress, and Physical Activity in a Diverse Sample of Mothers

   https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.9378  

   Swendeman, Dallas; Comulada, Warren Scott; Koussa, Maryann; Worthman, Carol M; Estrin, Deborah; Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane; Ramanathan, Nithya (January 2018, JMIR mHealth and uHealth)

   Background Multiple strategies can be used when self-monitoring diet, physical activity, and perceived stress, but no gold standards are available. Although self-monitoring is a core element of self-management and behavior change, the success of mHealth behavioral tools depends on their validity and reliability, which lack evidence. African American and Latina mothers in the United States are high-priority populations for apps that can be used for self-monitoring of diet, physical activity, and stress because the body mass index (BMI) of mothers typically increases for several years after childbirth and the risks of obesity and its’ sequelae diseases are elevated among minority populations. Objective To examine the intermethod reliability and concurrent validity of smartphone-based self-monitoring via ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) and use of daily diaries for diet, stress, and physical activity compared with brief recall measures, anthropometric biomeasures, and bloodspot biomarkers. Methods A purposive sample (n=42) of primarily African American (16/42, 39%) and Latina (18/42, 44%) mothers was assigned Android smartphones for using Ohmage apps to self-monitor diet, perceived stress, and physical activity over 6 months. Participants were assessed at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Recall measures included brief food frequency screeners, physical activity assessments adapted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the nine-item psychological stress measure. Anthropometric biomeasures included BMI, body fat, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Bloodspot assays for Epstein–Barr virus and C-reactive protein were used as systemic load and stress biomarkers. EMAs and daily diary questions assessed perceived quality and quantity of meals, perceived stress levels, and moderate, vigorous, and light physical activity. Units of analysis were follow-up assessments (n=29 to n=45 depending on the domain) of the participants (n=29 with sufficient data for analyses). Correlations, R2 statistics, and multivariate linear regressions were used to assess the strength of associations between variables. Results Almost all participants (39/42, 93%) completed the study. Intermethod reliability between smartphone-based EMAs and diary reports and their corresponding recall reports was highest for stress and diet; correlations ranged from .27 to .52 (P<.05). However, it was unexpectedly low for physical activity; no significant associations were observed. Concurrent validity was demonstrated for diet EMAs and diary reports on systolic blood pressure (r=−.32), C-reactive protein level (r=−.34), and moderate and vigorous physical activity recalls (r=.35 to.48), suggesting a covariation between healthy diet and physical activity behaviors. EMAs and diary reports on stress were not associated with Epstein–Barr virus and C-reactive protein level. Diary reports on moderate and vigorous physical activity were negatively associated with BMI and body fat (r=−.35 to −.44, P<.05). Conclusions Brief smartphone-based EMA use may be valid and reliable for long-term self-monitoring of diet, stress, and physical activity. Lack of intermethod reliability for physical activity measures is consistent with prior research, warranting more research on the efficacy of smartphone-based self-monitoring of self-management and behavior change support. 

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3. Role of the Built and Online Social Environments on Expression of Dining on Instagram

   https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030735  

   Mhasawade, Vishwali; Elghafari, Anas; Duncan, Dustin T.; Chunara, Rumi (February 2020, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health)

   Online social communities are becoming windows for learning more about the health of populations, through information about our health-related behaviors and outcomes from daily life. At the same time, just as public health data and theory has shown that aspects of the built environment can affect our health-related behaviors and outcomes, it is also possible that online social environments (e.g., posts and other attributes of our online social networks) can also shape facets of our life. Given the important role of the online environment in public health research and implications, factors which contribute to the generation of such data must be well understood. Here we study the role of the built and online social environments in the expression of dining on Instagram in Abu Dhabi; a ubiquitous social media platform, city with a vibrant dining culture, and a topic (food posts) which has been studied in relation to public health outcomes. Our study uses available data on user Instagram profiles and their Instagram networks, as well as the local food environment measured through the dining types (e.g., casual dining restaurants, food court restaurants, lounges etc.) by neighborhood. We find evidence that factors of the online social environment (profiles that post about dining versus profiles that do not post about dining) have different influences on the relationship between a user’s built environment and the social dining expression, with effects also varying by dining types in the environment and time of day. We examine the mechanism of the relationships via moderation and mediation analyses. Overall, this study provides evidence that the interplay of online and built environments depend on attributes of said environments and can also vary by time of day. We discuss implications of this synergy for precisely-targeting public health interventions, as well as on using online data for public health research. 

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4. Identifying Design Opportunities for Behavior Displacement for Intervening Sedentary Time among Older Adults

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3749476  

   Li, Mengying; Choe, Eun Kyoung (September 2025, Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies)

   Prolonged sedentary behavior poses significant health risks, calling for interventions that promote active lifestyles. For older adults, every physical activity, no matter how small or significant, plays a vital role in their quality of life. However, many interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behavior have overlooked the unique needs and preferences of older adults. In this study, we explore design opportunities for supporting behavior displacement---replacing sedentary time with active movements---as a potential strategy for intervening sedentary time among older adults. Through a 7-day diary study and interviews with 13 participants, we uncovered key factors, such as attention demand, productivity and quality of activities, physical fatigue, as well as social norms, that influence their decisions to engage in displacement. We also identified sequential and concurrent displacement strategies and the contexts in which each was employed. Our findings highlight the need for designing personalized, adaptive interventions that respect the diverse preferences and agency of older adults. 

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5. Pregnant women’s daily patterns of well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland: Longitudinal monitoring through smartwatch technology

   https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246494  

   Niela-Vilén, Hannakaisa; Auxier, Jennifer; Ekholm, Eeva; Sarhaddi, Fatemeh; Asgari Mehrabadi, Milad; Mahmoudzadeh, Aysan; Azimi, Iman; Liljeberg, Pasi; Rahmani, Amir M.; Axelin, Anna (February 2021, PLOS ONE)

   Ryckman, Kelli K (Ed.)

   Background Technology enables the continuous monitoring of personal health parameter data during pregnancy regardless of the disruption of normal daily life patterns. Our research group has established a project investigating the usefulness of an Internet of Things–based system and smartwatch technology for monitoring women during pregnancy to explore variations in stress, physical activity and sleep. The aim of this study was to examine daily patterns of well-being in pregnant women before and during the national stay-at-home restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland. Methods A longitudinal cohort study design was used to monitor pregnant women in their everyday settings. Two cohorts of pregnant women were recruited. In the first wave in January-December 2019, pregnant women with histories of preterm births (gestational weeks 22–36) or late miscarriages (gestational weeks 12–21); and in the second wave between October 2019 and March 2020, pregnant women with histories of full-term births (gestational weeks 37–42) and no pregnancy losses were recruited. The final sample size for this study was 38 pregnant women. The participants continuously used the Samsung Gear Sport smartwatch and their heart rate variability, and physical activity and sleep data were collected. Subjective stress, activity and sleep reports were collected using a smartphone application developed for this study. Data between February 12 to April 8, 2020 were included to cover four-week periods before and during the national stay-at-home restrictions. Hierarchical linear mixed models were exploited to analyze the trends in the outcome variables. Results The pandemic-related restrictions were associated with changes in heart rate variability: the standard deviation of all normal inter-beat intervals (p = 0.034), low-frequency power (p = 0.040) and the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (p = 0.013) increased compared with the weeks before the restrictions. Women’s subjectively evaluated stress levels also increased significantly. Physical activity decreased when the restrictions were set and as pregnancy proceeded. The total sleep time also decreased as pregnancy proceeded, but pandemic-related restrictions were not associated with sleep. Daily rhythms changed in that the participants overall started to sleep later and woke up later. Conclusions The findings showed that Finnish pregnant women coped well with the pandemic-related restrictions and lockdown environment in terms of stress, physical activity and sleep. 

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