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1. Spontaneous slow oscillation—slow spindle features predict induced overnight memory retention

   https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab127  

   Dehnavi, Fereshteh; Koo-Poeggel, Ping Chai; Ghorbani, Maryam; Marshall, Lisa (May 2021, Sleep)

   Abstract Study Objectives Synchronization of neural activity within local networks and between brain regions is a major contributor to rhythmic field potentials such as the EEG. On the other hand, dynamic changes in microstructure and activity are reflected in the EEG, for instance slow oscillation (SO) slope can reflect synaptic strength. SO-spindle coupling is a measure for neural communication. It was previously associated with memory consolidation, but also shown to reveal strong interindividual differences. In studies, weak electric current stimulation has modulated brain rhythms and memory retention. Here, we investigate whether SO-spindle coupling and SO slope during baseline sleep are associated with (predictive of) stimulation efficacy on retention performance. Methods Twenty-five healthy subjects participated in three experimental sessions. Sleep-associated memory consolidation was measured in two sessions, in one anodal transcranial direct current stimulation oscillating at subjects individual SO frequency (so-tDCS) was applied during nocturnal sleep. The third session was without a learning task (baseline sleep). The dependence on SO-spindle coupling and SO-slope during baseline sleep of so-tDCS efficacy on retention performance were investigated. Results Stimulation efficacy on overnight retention of declarative memories was associated with nesting of slow spindles to SO trough in deep nonrapid eye movement baseline sleep. Steepness and direction of SO slope in baseline sleep were features indicative for stimulation efficacy. Conclusions Findings underscore a functional relevance of activity during the SO up-to-down state transition for memory consolidation and provide support for distinct consolidation mechanisms for types of declarative memories. 

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2. Supersmoothing through slow contraction

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2020.135690  

   Cook, William G.; Glushchenko, Iryna A.; Ijjas, Anna; Pretorius, Frans; Steinhardt, Paul J. (September 2020, Physics Letters B)

   null (Ed.)
3. Ultralocality and slow contraction

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2021/06/013  

   Ijjas, Anna; Sullivan, Andrew P.; Pretorius, Frans; Steinhardt, Paul J.; Cook, William G. (June 2021, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics)

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4. Slow-Wave Hybrid Magnonics

   https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.116701  

   Xu, Jing; Zhong, Changchun; Zhuang, Shihao; Qian, Chen; Jiang, Yu; Pishehvar, Amin; Han, Xu; Jin, Dafei; Jornet, Josep_M; Zhen, Bo; et al (March 2024, Physical Review Letters)
5. Moving Slow and Fixing Things

   Shackelford, S; Hiller, J; Madrikis, C; Nash, I; Kisska-Schulze, K; Travis, H (May 2025, Indiana law journal)

   Silicon Valley, and the U.S. tech sector more broadly, have changed the world in part by embracing a “move fast and break things” mentality popularized by Mark Zuckerberg. While it is true that the tech sector has attempted to break with such a reactive and flippant response to security concerns, including at Microsoft itself through its Security Development Lifecycle, cyberattacks continue at an alarming rate. As a result, there are growing calls from regulators around the world to change the risk equation. An example is the 2023 U.S. National Cybersecurity Strategy, which argues that “[w]e must hold the stewards of our data accountable for the protection of personal data; drive the development of more secure connected devices; and reshape laws that govern liability for data losses and harm caused by cybersecurity errors, software vulnerabilities, and other risks created by software and digital technologies.” What exact form such liability should take is up for debate. The defect model of products liability law is one clear option, and courts across the United States have already been applying it using both strict liability and risk utility framings in a variety of cases. This Article delves into the debates by considering how other cyber powers around the world—including the European Union—are extending products liability law to cover software, and it examines the lessons these efforts hold for U.S. policymakers with case studies focusing on liability for AI- generated content and Internet-connected critical infrastructure. 

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