A _theta_ is a graph consisting of two non-adjacent vertices and three internally disjoint paths between them, each of length at least two. For a family $\mathcal{H}$ of graphs, we say a graph $G$ is $\mathcal{H}$-_free_ if no induced subgraph of $G$ is isomorphic to a member of $\mathcal{H}$. We prove a conjecture of Sintiari and Trotignon, that there exists an absolute constant $c$ for which every (theta, triangle)-free graph $G$ has treewidth at most $c\log (|V(G)|)$. A construction by Sintiari and Trotignon shows that this bound is asymptotically best possible, and (theta, triangle)-free graphs comprise the first known hereditary class of graphs with arbitrarily large yet logarithmic treewidth.Our main result is in fact a generalization of the above conjecture, that treewidth is at most logarithmic in $|V(G)|$ for every graph $G$ excluding the so-called _three-path-configurations_ as well as a fixed complete graph. It follows that several NP-hard problems such as Stable Set, Vertex Cover, Dominating Set and $k$-Coloring (for fixed $k$) admit polynomial time algorithms in graphs excluding the three-path-configurations and a fixed complete graph.
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The Implicit Graph Conjecture is False
An efficient implicit representation of an n-vertex graph G in a family F of graphs assigns to each vertex of G a binary code of length O(log n) so that the adjacency between every pair of vertices can be determined only as a function of their codes. This function can depend on the family but not on the individual graph. Every family of graphs admitting such a representation contains at most 2^O(n log(n)) graphs on n vertices, and thus has at most factorial speed of growth.
The Implicit Graph Conjecture states that, conversely, every hereditary graph family with at most factorial speed of growth admits an efficient implicit representation. We refute this conjecture by establishing the existence of hereditary graph families with factorial speed of growth that require codes of length n^Ω(1).
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- Award ID(s):
- 1947546
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10384263
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
- ISSN:
- 0272-5428
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1109/FOCS54457.2022.00109
