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1. Identification of Words and Phrases Through a Phonemic-Based Haptic Display: Effects of Inter-Phoneme and Inter-Word Interval Durations

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3458725  

   Reed, Charlotte M. ; Tan, Hong Z. ; Jiao, Yang ; Perez, Zachary D. ; Wilson, E. Courtenay ( July 2021 , ACM Transactions on Applied Perception)

   Stand-alone devices for tactile speech reception serve a need as communication aids for persons with profound sensory impairments as well as in applications such as human-computer interfaces and remote communication when the normal auditory and visual channels are compromised or overloaded. The current research is concerned with perceptual evaluations of a phoneme-based tactile speech communication device in which a unique tactile code was assigned to each of the 24 consonants and 15 vowels of English. The tactile phonemic display was conveyed through an array of 24 tactors that stimulated the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the forearm. Experiments examined the recognition of individual words as a function of the inter-phoneme interval (Study 1) and two-word phrases as a function of the inter-word interval (Study 2). Following an average training period of 4.3 hrs on phoneme and word recognition tasks, mean scores for the recognition of individual words in Study 1 ranged from 87.7% correct to 74.3% correct as the inter-phoneme interval decreased from 300 to 0 ms. In Study 2, following an average of 2.5 hours of training on the two-word phrase task, both words in the phrase were identified with an accuracy of 75% correct using an inter-word interval of 1 sec and an inter-phoneme interval of 150 ms. Effective transmission rates achieved on this task were estimated to be on the order of 30 to 35 words/min. 

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2. Inter‐annual and inter‐species tree growth explained by phenology of xylogenesis

   https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18195  

   Chen, Yizhao ; Rademacher, Tim ; Fonti, Patrick ; Eckes‐Shephard, Annemarie H. ; LeMoine, James M. ; Fonti, Marina V. ; Richardson, Andrew D. ; Friend, Andrew D. ( May 2022 , New Phytologist)

   Wood formation determines major long‐term carbon (C) accumulation in trees and therefore provides a crucial ecosystem service in mitigating climate change. Nevertheless, we lack understanding of how species with contrasting wood anatomical types differ with respect to phenology and environmental controls on wood formation.

   In this study, we investigated the seasonality and rates of radial growth and their relationships with climatic factors, and the seasonal variations of stem nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in three species with contrasting wood anatomical types (red oak: ring‐porous; red maple: diffuse‐porous; white pine: coniferous) in a temperate mixed forest during 2017–2019.

   We found that the high ring width variability observed in both red oak and red maple was caused more by changes in growth duration than growth rate. Seasonal radial growth patterns did not vary following transient environmental factors for all three species. Both angiosperm species showed higher concentrations and lower inter‐annual fluctuations of NSC than the coniferous species.

   Inter‐annual variability of ring width varied by species with contrasting wood anatomical types. Due to the high dependence of annual ring width on growth duration, our study highlights the critical importance of xylem formation phenology for understanding and modelling the dynamics of wood formation.

    

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3. Shake table real-time hybrid simulation techniques for the performance evaluation of buildings with inter-story isolation: Shake table RTHS of buildings with inter-story isolation

   https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1971  

   Zhang, Ruiyang ; Phillips, Brian M. ; Taniguchi, Shun ; Ikenaga, Masahiro ; Ikago, Kohju ( October 2017 , Structural Control and Health Monitoring)
4. Inter-subject alignment of MEG datasets in a common representational space: Inter-subject Alignment of MEG Datasets

   https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.23689  

   Zhang, Qiong ; Borst, Jelmer P. ; Kass, Robert E. ; Anderson, John R. ( September 2017 , Human Brain Mapping)
5. Inter-areal Balanced Amplification Enhances Signal Propagation in a Large-Scale Circuit Model of the Primate Cortex

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.031  

   Joglekar, Madhura R. ; Mejias, Jorge F. ; Yang, Guangyu Robert ; Wang, Xiao-Jing ( April 2018 , Neuron)