In this Letter, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, liquid-crystal-based integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) that enable visible-light beam forming and steering. A cascaded OPA architecture is developed and experimentally shown to emit a beam in the far field at a 632.8-nm wavelength with a power full width at half maximum of 0.4°×1.6° and 7.2° beam-steering range within ±3.4 V. Furthermore, we show the first visible-light integrated-OPA-based free-space-optical-communications transmitter and use it to demonstrate the first integrated-OPA-based underwater-wireless-optical-communications link. We experimentally demonstrate a 1-Gbps on–off-keying link through water and an electronically-switchable point-to-multipoint link with channel selectivity greater than 19 dB through a water-filled tank.
The design, fabrication, and characterization of a 16-element optical phased array (OPA) using a high index (
- Award ID(s):
- 2023730
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10394569
- Publisher / Repository:
- Optical Society of America
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Optics Letters
- Volume:
- 48
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 0146-9592; OPLEDP
- Format(s):
- Medium: X Size: Article No. 807
- Size(s):
- Article No. 807
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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