Abstract Although the “eye-mind link” hypothesis posits that eye movements provide a direct window into cognitive processing, linking eye movements to specific cognitions in real-world settings remains challenging. This challenge may arise because gaze metrics such as fixation duration, pupil size, and saccade amplitude are often aggregated across timelines that include heterogeneous events. To address this, we tested whether aggregating gaze parameters across participant-defined events could support the hypothesis that increased focal processing, indicated by greater gaze duration and pupil diameter, and decreased scene exploration, indicated by smaller saccade amplitude, would predict effective task performance. Using head-mounted eye trackers, nursing students engaged in simulation learning and later segmented their simulation footage into meaningful events, categorizing their behaviors, task outcomes, and cognitive states at the event level. Increased fixation duration and pupil diameter predicted higher student-rated teamwork quality, while increased pupil diameter predicted judgments of effective communication. Additionally, increased saccade amplitude positively predicted students’ perceived self-efficacy. These relationships did not vary across event types, and gaze parameters did not differ significantly between the beginning, middle, and end of events. However, there was a significant increase in fixation duration during the first five seconds of an event compared to the last five seconds of the previous event, suggesting an initial encoding phase at an event boundary. In conclusion, event-level gaze parameters serve as valid indicators of focal processing and scene exploration in natural learning environments, generalizing across event types.
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A Graph-Based Spatiotemporal Data Framework for 4D Natural Phenomena Representation and Quantification–An Example of Dust Events
Natural phenomena are intrinsically spatiotemporal and often highly dynamic. The increasing availability of simulation and observation datasets has provided us a great opportunity to better capture and understand the complexity and dynamics of natural phenomena. Challenges are posed by the formalization of the representation of such phenomena in terms of their non-rigid boundaries and the quantification of event dynamics over space and time. The objectives of this research are to (1) conceptually represent the natural phenomenon as an event, and (2) quantify the dynamic movements and evolutions of events using a graph-based approach. This proposed data framework is applied to a dust simulation dataset to represent the 4D dynamic dust events. Dust events are identified, and movements are tracked to reconstruct dust events in the Northern Africa region from December 2013 to November 2014. Quantified dynamics of different dust events are demonstrated and verified to be in alignment with observations.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1841520
- PAR ID:
- 10398246
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
- Volume:
- 9
- Issue:
- 2
- ISSN:
- 2220-9964
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 127
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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