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Missing data incidents are common in experimental studies of motor learning and development. Inadequate handling of missing data may lead to serious problems, such as addition of bias, reduction in power, and so on. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the past (2007) and present (2017) practices used for reporting and analyzing missing data in motor learning and development. For this purpose, the authors reviewed 309 articles from five journals focusing on motor learning and development studies and published in 2007 and 2017. The authors carefully reviewed each article using a six-stage review process to assess the reporting and analyzing practices. Reporting of missing data along with reasons for their presence was consistently high across time, which slightly increased in 2017. Researchers predominantly used older methods (mainly deletion) for analysis, which only showed a small increase in the use of newer methods in 2017. While reporting practices were exemplary, missing data analysis calls for serious attention. Improvements in missing data handling may have the merit to address some of the major issues, such as underpowered studies, in motor learning and development.
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Treatments for hearing loss in osteogenesis imperfecta: a systematic review and meta-analysis on their efficacy
Abstract About 70% of people with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) experience hearing loss. There is no cure for OI, and therapies to ameliorate hearing loss rely on conventional treatments for auditory impairments in the general population. The success rate of these treatments in the OI population with poor collagenous tissues is still unclear. Here, we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of treatments addressing hearing loss in OI. This study conforms to the reporting standards of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Data sources include published articles in Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, from their inception to November 2020. Studies included individuals with OI undergoing a hearing loss treatment, having pre- and postoperative objective assessment of hearing function at a specified follow-up length. Our search identified 1144 articles, of which 67 were reviewed at full-text screening. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on the selected articles (n = 12) of people with OI that underwent stapes surgery. Success was assessed as the proportion of ears with a postoperative Air–Bone Gap (ABG) ≤ 10 dB. A systematic review was conducted on the remaining articles (n = 13) reporting on other treatments. No meta-analysis was conducted on the latter due to the low number of articles on the topic and the nature of single case studies. The meta-analysis shows that stapes surgeries have a low success rate of 59.08 (95% CI 45.87 to 71.66) in the OI population. The systematic review revealed that cochlear implants, bone-anchored hearing aids, and other implantable hearing aids proved to be feasible, although challenging, in the OI population, with only 2 unsuccessful cases among the 16 reviewed single cases. This analysis of published data on OI shows poor clinical outcomes for the procedures addressing hearing loss. Further studies on hearing loss treatments for OI people are needed. Notably, the mechanisms of hearing loss in OI need to be determined to develop successful and possibly non-invasive treatment strategies.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1829310
- PAR ID:
- 10398501
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Scientific Reports
- Volume:
- 12
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2045-2322
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20169-9
