Highly reactive benzyl radicals are generated by electron dissociative attachment to benzyl chloride doped into a neon–hydrogen–helium discharge and immediately cooled to T rot = 15 K in a high density, supersonic slit expansion environment. The sub-Doppler spectra are fit to an asymmetric-top rotational Hamiltonian, thereby yielding spectroscopic constants for the ground ( v = 0) and first excited ( v = 1, ν 3 , ν 4 ) vibrational levels of the ground electronic state. The rotational constants obtained for the ground state are in good agreement with previous laser induced fluorescence measurements (LIF), with vibrational band origins ( ν 3 = 3073.2350 ± 0.0006 cm −1 , ν 4 = 3067.0576 ± 0.0006 cm −1 ) in agreement with anharmonically corrected density functional theory calculations. To assist in detection of benzyl radical in the interstellar medium, we have also significantly improved the precision of the ground state rotational constants through combined analysis of the ground state IR and LIF combination differences. Of dynamical interest, there is no evidence in the sub-Doppler spectra for tunneling splittings due to internal rotation of the CH 2 methylene subunit, which implies a significant rotational barrier consistent with partial double bond character in the CC bond. This is further confirmed with high level ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T)-f12b/ccpVdZ-f12 level, which predict a zero-point energy corrected barrier to internal rotation of Δ E tun ≈ 11.45 kcal mol −1 or 4005 cm −1 . In summary, the high-resolution infrared spectra are in excellent agreement with simple physical organic chemistry pictures of a strongly resonance-stabilized benzyl radical with a nearly rigid planar structure due to electron delocalization around the aromatic ring.
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True molecular conformation and structure determination by three-dimensional electron diffraction of PAH by-products potentially useful for electronic applications
The true molecular conformation and the crystal structure of benzo[ e ]dinaphtho[2,3- a ;1′,2′,3′,4′- ghi ]fluoranthene, 7,14-diphenylnaphtho[1,2,3,4- cde ]bisanthene and 7,16-diphenylnaphtho[1,2,3,4- cde ]helianthrene were determined ab initio by 3D electron diffraction. All three molecules are remarkable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The molecular conformation of two of these compounds could not be determined via classical spectroscopic methods due to the large size of the molecule and the occurrence of multiple and reciprocally connected aromatic rings. The molecular structure of the third molecule was previously considered provisional. These compounds were isolated as by-products in the synthesis of similar products and were at the same time nanocrystalline and available only in very limited amounts. 3D electron diffraction data, taken from submicrometric single crystals, allowed for direct ab initio structure solution and the unbiased determination of the internal molecular conformation. Detailed synthetic routes and spectroscopic analyses are also discussed. Based on many-body perturbation theory simulations, benzo[ e ]dinaphtho[2,3- a ;1′,2′,3′,4′- ghi ]fluoranthene may be a promising candidate for triplet–triplet annihilation and 7,14-diphenylnaphtho[1,2,3,4- cde ]bisanthene may be a promising candidate for intermolecular singlet fission in the solid state.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2021803
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10402593
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- IUCrJ
- Volume:
- 10
- Issue:
- 1
- ISSN:
- 2052-2525
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 131 to 142
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1107/S205225252201154X
