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1. Coordinating science during an eruption: lessons from the 2020–2021 Kīlauea volcanic eruption

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-023-01644-1  

   Cooper, Kari M.; Anderson, Kyle; Cashman, Kathy; Coombs, Michelle; Dietterich, Hannah; Fischer, Tobias; Houghton, Bruce; Johanson, Ingrid; Lynn, Kendra J.; Manga, Michael; et al (May 2023, Bulletin of Volcanology)
2. Start me up: The relationship between volcanic eruption characteristics and eruption initiation mechanisms

   https://doi.org/10.30909/vol.06.02.161172  

   Kent, Adam J.; Till, Christy B.; Cooper, Kari M. (July 2023, Volcanica)

   Understanding the processes that initiate volcanic eruptions after periods of quiescence are of paramount importance to interpreting volcano monitoring signals and mitigating volcanic hazards. However, studies of eruption initiation mechanisms are rarely systematically applied to high-risk volcanoes. Studies of erupted materials provide important insight into eruption initiation, as they provide direct insight into the physical and chemical changes that occur in magma reservoirs prior to eruptions, but are also often underutilized. Petrologic and geochemical studies can also constrain the timing of processes involved in eruption initiation, and the time that might be expected to elapse between remote detection of increased activity and eventual eruption. A compilation and analysis of literature data suggests that there are statistical differences in the composition, volume, style and timescales between eruptions initiated by different mechanisms. Knowledge of the processes that initiate eruptions at a given volcano may thus have significant predictive power. 

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3. Coordinating science during an eruption: lessons from the 2020–2021 Kīlauea volcanic eruption

   Cooper, Kari; Anderson, Kyle; Cashman, Kathy; Coombs, Michelle; Dietterich, Hannah; Fischer, Tobias; Houghton, Bruce; Johanson, Ingrid; Manga, Michael; Wauthier, Christelle (January 2024, Bulletin of volcanology)
4. Making the Most of Volcanic Eruption Responses

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EO162790  

   Fischer, Tobias; Moran, Seth; Cooper, Kari; Roman, Diana; LaFemina, Peter (August 2021, Eos)

   null (Ed.)

   Last year, a new collaborative initiative conducted a hypothetical volcano response exercise. A month later, they put the knowledge gained to use during an actual eruption. 

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5. The Birth of a Hawaiian Fissure Eruption

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB020903  

   Houghton, B. F.; Tisdale, C. M.; Llewellin, E. W.; Taddeucci, J.; Orr, T. R.; Walker, B. H.; Patrick, M. R. (January 2021, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth)

   Abstract Most basaltic explosive eruptions intensify abruptly, allowing little time to document processes at the start of eruption. One opportunity came with the initiation of activity from fissure 8 (F8) during the 2018 eruption on the lower East Rift Zone of Kīlauea, Hawaii. F8 erupted in four episodes. We recorded 28 min of high‐definition video during a 51‐min period, capturing the onset of the second episode on 5 May. From the videos, we were able to analyze the following in‐flight parameters: frequency and duration of explosions; ejecta heights; pyroclast exit velocities; in‐flight total mass and estimated mass eruption rates; and the in‐flight total grain size distributions. The videos record a transition from initial pulsating outgassing, via spaced, but increasingly rapid, discrete explosions, to quasisustained, unsteady fountaining. This transition accompanied waxing intensity (mass flux) of the F8 eruption. We infer that all activity was driven by a combination of the ascent of a coupled mixture of small bubbles and melt, and the buoyant rise of decoupled gas slugs and/or pockets. The balance between these two types of concurrent flow determined the exact form of the eruptive activity at any point in time, and changes to their relative contributions drove the transition we observed at early F8. Qualitative observations of other Hawaiian fountains at Kīlauea suggest that this physical model may apply more generally. This study demonstrates the value of in‐flight parameters derived from high‐resolution videos, which offer a rapid and highly time‐sensitive alternative to measurements based on sampling of deposits posteruption. 

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