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1. Successive carbene insertion into 9-phenyl-9-borafluorene

   https://doi.org/10.1039/c9dt01032g  

   Bartholome, Tyler A. ; Bluer, Kristen R. ; Martin, Caleb D. ( May 2019 , Dalton Transactions)

   The reactions of 9-phenyl-9-borafluorene with trimethylsilyldiazomethane in a 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 stoichiometry furnished the corresponding BC 5 and BC 6 heterocycles via the formal insertion of one and two carbene units. 

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2. Synthesis of 9-borafluorene analogues featuring a three-dimensional 1,1′-bis( o -carborane) backbone

   https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cc10087j  

   Yruegas, Sam ; Axtell, Jonathan C. ; Kirlikovali, Kent O. ; Spokoyny, Alexander M. ; Martin, Caleb D. ( January 2019 , Chemical Communications)

   The synthesis of [1,1′-bis( o -carboranyl)]boranes was achieved through the deprotonation of 1,1′-bis( o -carborane) reagents followed by salt metathesis with ( i Pr) 2 NBCl 2 . X-ray crystallography confirms planar central BC 4 rings and Gutmann–Beckett studies reveal an increase in Lewis acidity at the boron center in comparison to their biphenyl congener, 9-borafluorene. 

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3. Photochemically and Thermally Generated BN-Doped Borafluorenate Heterocycles via Intramolecular Staudinger-Type Reactions

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02284  

   Tra, Bi Youan ; Molino, Andrew ; Hollister, Kimberly K. ; Sarkar, Samir Kumar ; Dickie, Diane A. ; Wilson, David J. ; Gilliard, Robert J. ( January 2023 , Inorganic Chemistry)

   A series of BN-incorporated borafluorenate heterocycles, bis(borafluorene-phosphinimine)s (11–15), have been formed via intramolecular Staudinger-type reactions. The reactions were promoted by light or heat using monodentate phosphine-stabilized 9-azido-9-borafluorenes (R3P-BF-N3; 6–10) and involve the release of dinitrogen (N2), migration of phosphine from boron to nitrogen, and oxidation of the phosphorus center (PIII to PV). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide mechanistic insight into the formation of these compounds. Compounds 11–15 are blue emissive in the solution and solid states with absolute quantum yields (ΦF) ranging from 12 to 68%. 

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4. Whitefly feeding behavior and retention of a foregut‐borne crinivirus exposed to artificial diets with different pH values

   https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12503  

   Zhou, Jaclyn S. ; Chen, Angel Y. S. ; Drucker, Martin ; Lopez, Nicole H. ; Carpenter, Alyssa ; Ng, James C. K. ( August 2017 , Insect Science)

   Transmission of plant viruses by phytophagous hemipteran insects encompasses complex interactions underlying a continuum of processes involved in virus acquisition, retention and inoculation combined with vector feeding behavior. Here, we investigated the effects of dietary pH on whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) feeding behavior and release ofLettuce infectious yellows virus(LIYV) virions retained in the vector's foregut. Electrical penetration graph analysis revealed that variables associated with whitefly probing and ingestion did not differ significantly in pH (4, 7.4, and 9) adjusted artificial diets. To investigate virus retention and release, whiteflies allowed to acquire LIYV virions in a pH 7.4 artificial diet were fed pH 4, 7.4, or 9 virion‐free artificial (clearing) diets. Immunofluorescent localization analyses indicated that virions remained bound to the foreguts of approximately 20%–24% of vectors after they fed on each of the 3 pH‐adjusted clearing diets. When RNA preparations from the clearing diets were analyzed by reverse transcription (RT) nested‐PCR and, in some cases, real‐time qPCR, successful amplification of LIYV‐specific sequence was infrequent but consistently repeatable for the pH 7.4 diet but never observed for the pH 4 and 9 diets, suggesting a weak pH‐dependent effect for virion release. Viruliferous vectors that fed on each of the 3 pH‐adjusted clearing diets transmitted LIYV to virus‐free plants. These results suggest that changes in pH values alone in artificial diet do not result in observable changes in whitefly feeding behaviors, an observation that marks a first in the feeding of artificial diet by whitefly vectors; and that there is a potential causal and contingent relationship between the pH in artificial diet and the release/inoculation of foregut bound virions.

    

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5. Study the Use of Activated Carbon and Bone Char on the Performance of Gravity Sand-Bag Water Filter

   https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11110868  

   Fung, Eric ; Johnson, Ken I. ; Li, Wenqi ; Borges, William ; Chi, Kai ; Sharma, Sunil K. ; Madan, Yogita ; Sharma, Priyanka R. ; Hsiao, Benjamin S. ( November 2021 , Membranes)

   In this study, granulated activated charcoal (GAC) and bio charcoal (BC) is used as a filler in P3 biosand bag filter to study their filtration performance against a range of fluoride impurities from 1–1400 mg/L. A set of experiments are done to analyze the filtration efficiency of the sandbag filter against fluoride impurities after incorporating different amounts (e.g., 0.2, 2 kg) and a combination of GAC and BC. A combination of filler GAC and BC (1 kg each) have exhibited excellent results with 100% fluoride removal efficiency against 5 mg/L fluoride impurities for an entire experimental time of 165 min. It is because of the synergetic effect of adsorption caused by the high surface area (739 m2/g) of GAC and hydroxyapatite groups in BC. The data from remediation experiments using individual GAC and BC are fitted into the Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Models to check their adsorption mechanism and determine GAC and BC’s maximum adsorption capacity (Qm). The remediation data for both GAC and BC have shown the better fitting to the Langmuir Isotherm Model with a high R2 value of 0.994 and 0.970, respectively, showing the excellent conformity with monolayer adsorption. While the GAC and BC have presented negative Kf values of −1.08 and −0.72, respectively, for Freundlich Model, showing the non-conformity to multilayer adsorption. The Qm values obtained from Langmuir Model for GAC is 6.23 mg/g, and for BC, it is 9.13 mg/g. The pH study on adsorption efficiency of individual GAC and BC against 5 mg/L of fluoride impurities indicates the decrease in removal efficiency with an increase in pH from 3 to 9. For example, BC has shown removal efficiency of 99.8% at pH 3 and 99.5% at pH 9, while GAC has exhibited removal efficiency of 96.1% at pH 3 and 95.9% at pH 9. Importantly, this study presents the significance of the synergetic application of GAC and BC in the filters, where GAC and BC are different in their origin, functionalities, and surface characteristics. 

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