We measure the thermal electron energization in 1D and 2D particle-in-cell simulations of quasi-perpendicular, low-beta (
Ion-beam irradiation of an amorphizable material such as Si or Ge may lead to spontaneous pattern formation, rather than flat surfaces, for irradiation beyond some critical angle against the surface normal. It is observed experimentally that this critical angle varies according to many factors, including beam energy, ion species and target material. However, many theoretical analyses predict a critical angle
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10413945
- Publisher / Repository:
- IOP Publishing
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
- Volume:
- 35
- Issue:
- 32
- ISSN:
- 0953-8984
- Format(s):
- Medium: X Size: Article No. 325302
- Size(s):
- ["Article No. 325302"]
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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