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2. Interferometer response to geontropic fluctuations

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   Li, Dongjun; Lee, Vincent S. H.; Chen, Yanbei; Zurek, Kathryn M. (January 2023, Physical Review D)
3. Emergent gravity from stochastic fluctuations

   https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218271821420189  

   Erlich, Joshua (October 2021, International Journal of Modern Physics D)

   It is possible that both the classical description of spacetime and the rules of quantum field theory emerge from a more-fundamental structure of physical law. Pregeometric frameworks transfer some of the puzzles of quantum gravity to a semiclassical arena where those puzzles pose less of a challenge. However, in order to provide a satisfactory description of quantum gravity, a semiclassical description must emerge and contain in its description a macroscopic spacetime geometry, dynamical matter, and a gravitational interaction consistent with general relativity at long distances. In this essay, we argue that a framework that includes a stochastic origin for quantum field theory can provide both the emergence of classical spacetime and a quantized gravitational interaction. 

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4. Energy harvesting from anisotropic fluctuations

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5. Entropy, Fluctuations, and Disordered Proteins

   https://doi.org/10.3390/e21080764  

   Faraggi, Eshel; Dunker, A. Keith; Jernigan, Robert L.; Kloczkowski, Andrzej (August 2019, Entropy)

   Entropy should directly reflect the extent of disorder in proteins. By clustering structurally related proteins and studying the multiple-sequence-alignment of the sequences of these clusters, we were able to link between sequence, structure, and disorder information. We introduced several parameters as measures of fluctuations at a given MSA site and used these as representative of the sequence and structure entropy at that site. In general, we found a tendency for negative correlations between disorder and structure, and significant positive correlations between disorder and the fluctuations in the system. We also found evidence for residue-type conservation for those residues proximate to potentially disordered sites. Mutation at the disorder site itself appear to be allowed. In addition, we found positive correlation for disorder and accessible surface area, validating that disordered residues occur in exposed regions of proteins. Finally, we also found that fluctuations in the dihedral angles at the original mutated residue and disorder are positively correlated while dihedral angle fluctuations in spatially proximal residues are negatively correlated with disorder. Our results seem to indicate permissible variability in the disordered site, but greater rigidity in the parts of the protein with which the disordered site interacts. This is another indication that disordered residues are involved in protein function. 

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