An official website of the United States government
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as an important gaseous signaling molecule that is involved in intra- and intercellular signal transduction in plant–environment interactions. In plants, H2S is formed in sulfate/cysteine reduction pathways. The activation of endogenous H2S and its exogenous application has been found to be highly effective in ameliorating a wide variety of stress conditions in plants. The H2S interferes with the cellular redox regulatory network and prevents the degradation of proteins from oxidative stress via post-translational modifications (PTMs). H2S-mediated persulfidation allows the rapid response of proteins in signaling networks to environmental stimuli. In addition, regulatory crosstalk of H2S with other gaseous signals and plant growth regulators enable the activation of multiple signaling cascades that drive cellular adaptation. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of H2S-induced cellular adjustments and the interactions between H2S and various signaling pathways in plants, emphasizing the recent progress in our understanding of the effects of H2S on the PTMs of proteins. We also discuss future directions that would advance our understanding of H2S interactions to ultimately mitigate the impacts of environmental stresses in the plants.
more »
« less
Recent Development of the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Sulfide Gasotransmitter
Hydrogen sulfide has been recently identified as the third biological gasotransmitter, along with the more well studied nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Intensive studies on its potential as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular, inflammatory, infectious and neuropathological diseases have been undertaken. Here we review the possible direct targets of H2S in mammals. H2S directly interacts with reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and is involved in redox signaling. H2S also reacts with hemeproteins and modulates metal-containing complexes. Once being oxidized, H2S can persulfidate proteins by adding -SSH to the amino acid cysteine. These direct modifications by H2S have significant impact on cell structure and many cellular functions, such as tight junctions, autophagy, apoptosis, vesicle trafficking, cell signaling, epigenetics and inflammasomes. Therefore, we conclude that H2S is involved in many important cellular and physiological processes. Compounds that donate H2S to biological systems can be developed as therapeutics for different diseases.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 2012106
- PAR ID:
- 10445543
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Antioxidants
- Volume:
- 11
- Issue:
- 9
- ISSN:
- 2076-3921
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 1788
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
Abstract Cells communicate with each other to jointly regulate cellular processes during cellular differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. This multiscale coordination arises through the spatiotemporal activity of morphogens to pattern cell signaling and transcriptional factor activity. This coded information controls cell mechanics, proliferation, and differentiation to shape the growth and morphogenesis of organs. While many of the molecular components and physical interactions have been identified in key model developmental systems, there are still many unresolved questions related to the dynamics involved due to challenges in precisely perturbing and quantitatively measuring signaling dynamics. Recently, a broad range of synthetic optogenetic tools have been developed and employed to quantitatively define relationships between signal transduction and downstream cellular responses. These optogenetic tools can control intracellular activities at the single cell or whole tissue scale to direct subsequent biological processes. In this brief review, we highlight a selected set of studies that develop and implement optogenetic tools to unravel quantitative biophysical mechanisms for tissue growth and morphogenesis across a broad range of biological systems through the manipulation of morphogens, signal transduction cascades, and cell mechanics. More generally, we discuss how optogenetic tools have emerged as a powerful platform for probing and controlling multicellular development.more » « less
-
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous signaling molecule that greatly influences several important (patho)physiological processes related to cardiovascular health and disease, including vasodilation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cellular redox homeostasis. Consequently, H2S supplementation is an emerging area of interest, especially for the treatment of cardiovascular-related diseases. To fully unlock the medicinal properties of hydrogen sulfide, however, the development and refinement of H2S releasing compounds (or donors) are required to augment its bioavailability and to better mimic its natural enzymatic production. Categorizing donors by the biological stimulus that triggers their H2S release, this review highlights the fundamental chemistry and releasing mechanisms of a range of H2S donors that have exhibited promising protective effects in models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury and cancer chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, specifically. Thus, in addition to serving as important investigative tools that further advance our knowledge and understanding of H2S chemical biology, the compounds highlighted in this review have the potential to serve as vital therapeutic agents for the treatment (or prevention) of various cardiomyopathies.more » « less
-
Kinases are responsible for phosphorylation of proteins and are involved in many biological processes, including cell signaling. Identifying the kinases that phosphorylate specific phosphoproteins is critical to augment the current understanding of cellular events. Herein, we report a general protocol to study the kinases of a target substrate phosphoprotein using kinase‐catalyzed crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (K‐CLIP). K‐CLIP uses a photocrosslinking γ‐phosphoryl‐modified ATP analog, such as ATP‐arylazide, to covalently crosslink substrates to kinases with UV irradiation. Crosslinked kinase‐substrate complexes can then be enriched by immunoprecipitating the target substrate phosphoprotein, with bound kinase(s) identified using Western blot or mass spectrometry analysis. K‐CLIP is an adaptable chemical tool to investigate and discover kinase‐substrate pairs, which will promote characterization of complex phosphorylation‐mediated cell biology.more » « less
-
null (Ed.)Protein O -GlcNAcylation refers to the covalent binding of a single N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to the serine or threonine residue. This modification primarily occurs on proteins in the nucleus and the cytosol, and plays critical roles in many cellular events, including regulation of gene expression and signal transduction. Aberrant protein O -GlcNAcylation is directly related to human diseases such as cancers, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. In the past decades, considerable progress has been made for global and site-specific analysis of O -GlcNAcylation in complex biological samples using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. In this review, we summarized previous efforts on comprehensive investigation of protein O -GlcNAcylation by MS. Specifically, the review is focused on methods for enriching and site-specifically mapping O -GlcNAcylated peptides, and applications for quantifying protein O -GlcNAcylation in different biological systems. As O -GlcNAcylation is an important protein modification for cell survival, effective methods are essential for advancing our understanding of glycoprotein functions and cellular events.more » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091788
