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1. Jetstream2: Research Clouds as a Convergence Accelerator

   https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2024.3402389  

   Hancock, David Y; Fischer, Jeremy; Lowe, John Michael; Michael, Scott; Weakley, Le Mai (January 2024, Computing in Science & Engineering)

   Over the past decade, the convergence of Cloud and High-Performance Computing (HPC) has undergone significant movement. We explore the evolution, motivations, and practicalities of establishing on-premise research cloud infrastructure and the complementary nature with HPC and commercial resources; under the belief that research clouds serve a unique role within research and education as a convergence accelerator. This role is highlighted through exploring the design tradeoffs in architecting research clouds versus HPC resources, focusing on the balance between utility, availability, and hardware utilization. The discussion provides insights from experiences with the National Science Foundation-supported Jetstream and Jetstream2 systems, showcasing convergence technologies and challenges. A variety of real-world use cases are provided that show the interplay between these computing paradigms; exploring use in research and education for interactive and iterative development, as an on-ramp to large-scale resources, as a powerful tool for education and workforce development, and for domain specific science gateways. 

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2. Socio-technical Constraints and Affordances of Virtual Collaboration - A Study of Four Online Hackathons

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3555221  

   Mendes, Wendy; Richard, Albert; Tillo, Tähe-Kai; Pinto, Gustavo; Gama, Kiev; Nolte, Alexander (November 2022, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction)

   Hackathons and similar time-bounded events have become a popular form of collaboration in various domains. They are commonly organized as in-person events during which teams engage in intense collaboration over a short period of time to complete a project that is of interest to them. Most research to date has thus consequently focused on studying how teams collaborate in a co-located setting, pointing towards the advantages of radical co-location. The global pandemic of 2020, however, has led to many hackathons moving online, which challenges our current understanding of how they function. In this paper, we address this gap by presenting findings from a multiple-case study of 10 hackathon teams that participated in 4 hackathon events across two continents. By analyzing the collected data, we found that teams merged synchronous and asynchronous means of communication to maintain a common understanding of work progress as well as to maintain awareness of each other's tasks. Task division was self-assigned based on individual skills or interests, while leaders emerged from different strategies (e.g., participant experience, the responsibility of registering the team in an event). Some of the affordances of in-person hackathons, such as the radical co-location of team members, could be partially reproduced in teams that kept open synchronous communication channels while working (i.e., shared audio territories), in a sort of "radical virtual co-location". However, others, such as interactions with other teams, easy access to mentors, and networking with other participants, decreased. In addition, the technical constraints of the different communication tools and platforms brought technical problems and were overwhelming to participants. Our work contributes to understanding the virtual collaboration of small teams in the context of online hackathons and how technologies and event structures proposed by organizers imply this collaboration. 

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3. How to Support Newcomers in Scientific Hackathons - An Action Research Study on Expert Mentoring

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3392830  

   Nolte, Alexander; Hayden, Linda Bailey; Herbsleb, James D. (May 2020, Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction)

   null (Ed.)

   Time-bounded events such as hackathons have become a global phenomenon. Scientific communities in particular show growing interest in organizing them to attract newcomers and develop technical artifacts to expand their code base. Current hackathon approaches presume that participants have sufficient expertise to work on projects on their own. They only provide occasional support by domain experts serving as mentors which might not be sufficient for newcomers. Drawing from work on workplace and educational mentoring, we developed and evaluated an approach where each hackathon team is supported by a community member who serves in a mentor role that goes beyond providing occasional support. Evaluating this approach, we found that teams who took ownership of their projects, set achievable goals early while building social ties with their mentor and receiving learning-oriented support reported positive perceptions related to their project and an increased interest in the scientific community that organized the hackathon. Our work thus contributes to our understanding of mentoring in hackathons, an area which has not been extensively studied. It also proposes a feasible approach for scientific communities to attract and integrate newcomers which is crucial for their long-term survival. 

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4. The Secret Life of Hackathon Code Where does it come from and where does it go?

   https://doi.org/10.1109/MSR52588.2021.00020  

   Imam, Ahmed; Dey, Tapajit; Nolte, Alexander; Mockus, Audris; Herbsleb, James D. (May 2021, Mining Software Repositories)

   null (Ed.)

   Background: Hackathons have become popular events for teams to collaborate on projects and develop software prototypes. Most existing research focuses on activities during an event with limited attention to the evolution of the code brought to or created during a hackathon. Aim: We aim to understand the evolution of hackathon-related code, specifically, how much hackathon teams rely on pre-existing code or how much new code they develop during a hackathon. Moreover, we aim to understand if and where that code gets reused, and what factors affect reuse. Method: We collected information about 22,183 hackathon projects from DEVPOST– a hackathon database – and obtained related code (blobs), authors, and project characteristics from the WORLD OF CODE. We investigated if code blobs in hackathon projects were created before, during, or after an event by identifying the original blob creation date and author, and also checked if the original author was a hackathon project member. We tracked code reuse by first identifying all commits containing blobs created during an event before determining all projects that contain those commits. Result: While only approximately 9.14% of the code blobs are created during hackathons, this amount is still significant considering time and member constraints of such events. Approximately a third of these code blobs get reused in other projects. The number of associated technologies and the number of participants in a project increase reuse probability. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates to what extent pre-existing code is used and new code is created during a hackathon and how much of it is reused elsewhere afterwards. Our findings help to better understand code reuse as a phenomenon and the role of hackathons in this context and can serve as a starting point for further studies in this area. 

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5. DeapSECURE: Empowering Students for Data- and Compute-Intensive Research in Cybersecurity through Training

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3332186.3332247  

   Purwanto, Wirawan; Wu, Hongyi; Sosonkina, Masha; Arcaute, Karina (January 2019, Proceedings of ACM Practical Experience in Advanced Research Computing Conference (PEARC’19))

   As the volume and sophistication of cyber-attacks grow, cybersecurity researchers, engineers and practitioners rely on advanced cyberinfrastructure (CI) techniques like big data and machine learning, as well as advanced CI platforms, e.g., cloud and high-performance computing (HPC) to assess cyber risks, identify and mitigate threats, and achieve defense in depth. There is a training gap where current cybersecurity curricula at many universities do not introduce advanced CI techniques to future cybersecurity workforce. At Old Dominion University (ODU), we are bridging this gap through an innovative training program named DeapSECURE (Data-Enabled Advanced Training Program for Cyber Security Research and Education). We developed six non-degree training modules to expose cybersecurity students to advanced CI platforms and techniques rooted in big data, machine learning, neural networks, and high-performance programming. Each workshop includes a lecture providing the motivation and context for a CI technique, which is then examined during a hands-on session. The modules are delivered through (1) monthly workshops for ODU students, and (2) summer institutes for students from other universities and Research Experiences for Undergraduates participants. Future plan for the training program includes an online continuous learning community as an extension to the workshops, and all learning materials available as open educational resources, which will facilitate widespread adoption, adaptations, and contributions. The project leverages existing partnerships to ensure broad participation and adoption of advanced CI techniques in the cybersecurity community. We employ a rigorous evaluation plan rooted in diverse metrics of success to improve the curriculum and demonstrate its effectiveness. 

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