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Abstract Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are devices that utilize efficient ion redistribution to produce high‐efficiency electroluminescence in a simple device architecture. Prototypical polymer LECs utilize three components in the active layer: a luminescent conducting polymer, a salt, and an electrolyte. Similarly, many small‐molecule LECs also utilize an electrolyte to disperse salts. In these systems, the electrolyte is incorporated to efficiently conduct ions and to maintain phase compatibility between all components. However, certain LEC approaches and materials systems enable device operation without a dedicated electrolyte. This review describes the general methods and materials used to circumvent the use of a dedicated electrolyte in LECs. The techniques of synthetically coupling electrolytes, incorporating ionic liquids, and introducing inorganic salts are presented in view of research efforts to date. The use of these techniques in emerging classes of light‐emitting electrochemical cells is also discussed. These approaches have yielded some of the most efficient, long‐lasting, and commercially applicable LECs to date.
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Reconfigurable Perovskite LEC: Effects of Ionic Additives and Dual Function Devices
Abstract Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite light‐emitting devices (LEDs) have recently shown the characteristic dynamical behavior of light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), with intrinsic ionic migration creating an electric double layer and internal p‐i‐n structure and by accumulation of ions at interfaces. Therefore, the development of perovskite light‐emitting and photovoltaic devices based on the concepts of LEC operation attracts much attention and clarifies general physical processes in perovskites. Here, new directions that can further improve perovskite optoelectronic devices and extend their functionalities using additive mobile ions are overviewed: 1) enhancing single‐layer LECs with lithium additives for increased efficiency and longer lifetime; 2) facilitating ionic motion in three‐layer perovskite LECs to create dual‐functional devices, operating as both LEC and solar cells; and 3) creating truly ambipolar LEC devices with carbon nanotubes as stable electrodes that leverage ionic doping. Taken together, the use of these approaches provides a strategy to create efficient, stable, and bright LECs, which use advantages of both LED and LEC operation. It is discussed that how the LEC behavior in perovskite LEDs can be further improved to address the long‐term challenges in perovskite optoelectronics, such as stability, through approaches like ionically reconfigurable host/guest systems.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1906505
- PAR ID:
- 10453901
- Publisher / Repository:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Optical Materials
- Volume:
- 9
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 2195-1071
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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