The lake breeze effect along the shoreline of lake Michigan has been attributed to causing high tropospheric ozone concentrations at shoreline locations. The 2021 Wisconsin’s Dynamic Influence of Shoreline Circulation on Ozone (WiscoDISCO-21) campaign involved atmospheric measurements over Chiwaukee Prairie State Natural Area in Southeastern Wisconsin from May 21-26, 2021. Three different platforms were used to collect data on this campaign in addition to the regulatory monitor at this site. Two uncrewed aerial systems (UAS), an M210 multirotor copter and the University of Colorado RAAVEN fixed-wing were flown. The RAAVEN flew between 0 and 500 meters above ground level (m AGL) and measured many atmospheric conditions, the most pertinent being temperature, humidity, and winds. The M210 flew between 0 and 120 m AGL and was equipped with a 2B Technologies Personalized Ozone Monitor (POM) which captured ozone concentrations and an Interment Systems iMET-XQ2 meteorology sensor which captured relative humidity, temperature, and pressure. A Lidar Wind Profiler measured backscatter intensities, wind speeds and direction up to 2000 m AGL. Using data from the RAAVEN, the Wisconsin DNR, and the iMET-XQ2, at least one lake breeze was detected every day of the campaign. The largest lake breezes were detected on May 22, 2021, from 17:00-21:38 UTC and on May 24, 2021, from 14:24-22:51 UTC. The presence of the lake breezes correlated with detected temperature inversions measured from the RAAVEN and high ozone events measured from the M210. Lake breezes were investigated with their relationship to vertical profiles measured on the UAS, ozone concentrations, and marine boundary layer height observed with Doppler Lidar and modeled by the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) meteorological model.
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Observations of coastal dynamics during lake breeze at a shoreline impacted by high ozone
The lake breeze circulation along Lake Michigan is associated with high tropospheric ozone concentrations at shoreline locations. The 2021 Wisconsin's Dynamic Influence of Shoreline Circulation on Ozone (WiscoDISCO-21) campaign involved atmospheric measurements over Chiwaukee Prairie State Natural Area in Southeastern Wisconsin from May 21–26, 2021. Three different platforms, two uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) and a Doppler lidar instrument, were used to collect data on this campaign, supplemented by a ground-based Wisconsin DNR maintained regulatory monitor at the site. A Purdue University M210 multirotor copter, and the University of Colorado RAAVEN fixed-wing aircraft were flown in coordination. Using data from the ground station, RAAVEN and onsite lidar, lake breezes were detected on several days of the campaign. The longest sustained lake breezes during the campaign were detected on May 22, 2021, from 17:00–21:38 UTC and on May 24, 2021, from 14:24–22:51 UTC. The presence of the lake breezes correlated with detected temperature inversions measured from the RAAVEN and high ozone events measured from the M210. Lake breezes were investigated with their relationship to vertical profiles measured on the UAS, ozone concentrations, and marine boundary layer height observed with Doppler lidar to demonstrate a multi-layered lower atmosphere. A buoyant internal boundary layer was observed over land from 40–100 m AGL below highest ozone concentrations. Marine layer extent was investigated through minimum buoyancy and Richardson number analysis, showing limited vertical mixing at altitudes up to 200 m AGL, below easterly lake breeze circulation patterns extending upward to 400 m AGL in the late day.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1918850
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10458423
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Environmental Science: Atmospheres
- Volume:
- 3
- Issue:
- 3
- ISSN:
- 2634-3606
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 494 to 505
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EA00101B
