skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Explore Research Products in the PAR
It may take a few hours for recently added research products to appear in PAR search results.


Title: A remarkable troglomorphic ant,
The ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) consists of minute soil-dwelling species, with several genera within this clade being based solely upon males, including Yavnella Kugler. The dissociation of males and workers has resulted in taxonomic confusion for the Leptanillinae. We here describe the worker caste of Yavnella, facilitated by maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference from 473 partitioned ultra-conserved element loci, this dataset including 49 other leptanilline species, both described and undescribed. Yavnella laventa sp. nov. is described from seven worker specimens collected in south-western Iran from the Milieu Souterrain Superficiel, a subterranean microhabitat consisting of air-filled cavities among rock and soil fragments, which is subject to similar environmental conditions as caves. This species has bizarrely elongated appendages, which suggests that it is confined to cavities, in contrast with the soil-dwelling behaviour observed in other leptanilline ants. Based on its gracile phenotype relative to other Leptanillinae, Y. laventa shows remarkable adaptations for subterranean life, making it one of a very few examples of this syndrome among the ants. Moreover, the discovery of the worker caste of Yavnella expands our morphological knowledge of the leptanilline ants. We provide worker- and male-based diagnoses of Yavnella, along with a key to the genera of the Leptanillinae for which workers are known. The worker caste of Yavnella as known from this species is immediately recognisable, but the possibility must be noted that described workers of Leptanilla may in fact belong to Yavnella. Further molecular sampling is required to test this hypothesis. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A54A5766-F35A-4074-9353-1C70FE3955D3  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1932062
PAR ID:
10462652
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ;
Editor(s):
Sharma, Prashant
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Invertebrate Systematics
Volume:
36
Issue:
12
ISSN:
1445-5226
Page Range / eLocation ID:
1118 to 1138
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. (, ZooKeys)
    The genus-level taxonomy of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is here revised, with the aim of delimiting genus-level taxa that are reciprocally monophyletic and readily diagnosable based upon all adult forms. This new classification reflects molecular phylogenetics and is informed by joint consideration of both male and worker morphology. Three valid genera are recognized in the Leptanillinae:Opamyrma,Leptanilla(=Scyphodonsyn. nov.,Phaulomyrma,Leptomesites,Noonillasyn. nov.,Yavnellasyn. nov.), andProtanilla(=Anomalomyrmasyn. nov.,Furcotanilla).LeptanillaandProtanillaare further divided into informal, monophyletic species groups. Synoptic diagnoses are provided for all genera and informal supraspecific groupings. In addition, worker-based keys to all described species within the Leptanillinae for which the worker caste is known are provided; and male-based keys to all species for which males are known, plus undescribed male morphospecies for which molecular data are published. The following species are described as new:Protanilla wallaceisp. nov.,Leptanilla acherontiasp. nov.,Leptanilla belantansp. nov.,Leptanilla bethyloidessp. nov., andLeptanilla najaphallasp. nov. 
    more » « less
  2. ; (, Scientific Reports)
    Abstract Social insects are among the most abundant arthropods in terrestrial ecosystems, where they provide ecosystem services. The effect of subterranean activity of ants on soil is well-studied, yet little is known about nest architecture due to the difficulty of observing belowground patterns. Furthermore, many species’ ranges span environmental gradients, and their nest architecture is likely shaped by the climatic and landscape features of their specific habitats. We investigated the effects of two temperature treatments on the shape and size of nests built byFormica podzolicaants collected from high and low elevations in the Colorado Rocky Mountains in a full factorial experiment. Ants nested in experimental chambers with soil surface temperatures matching the local temperatures of sample sites. We observed a plastic response of nest architecture to conditions experienced during excavation; workers experiencing a high temperature excavated deeper nests than those experiencing a cooler temperature. Further, we found evidence of local adaptation to temperature, with a significant interaction effect of natal elevation and temperature treatment on nest size and complexity. Specifically, workers from high elevation sites built larger nests with more tunnels when placed in the cool surface temperature treatment, and workers from low elevation sites exhibited the opposite pattern. Our results suggest that subterranean ant nest architecture is shaped by a combination of plastic and locally adapted building behaviors; we suggest that the flexibility of this ‘extended phenotype’ likely contributes to the widespread success of ants. 
    more » « less
  3. (, Insects)
    null (Ed.)
    Social insects exhibit highly variable body plans at multiple scales: within colonies, between conspecific colonies, and across different species. The interspecific variation in the existence and prevalence of morphologically discrete worker subcastes in social insects raises questions about the ontogeny and functional importance of alternative worker body plans. Here, we examine the allometry of four Formica species. Formica are among the most common ants in the northern hemisphere temperate zone, and species vary greatly in the degree of worker size variation. However, no Formica species exhibit obvious worker subcastes. By carefully measuring head width, head height, scape length, thorax length, hind femur length, and hind tibia length in 180 individuals, we confirm that Formica workers exhibit continuous linear scaling, meaning that they lack discrete morphological subcastes. Most measurements scale allometrically. Different colonies of the same species are generally consistent in the slope of these relationships, and we detect unexpected similarities in scaling relationships among the four Formica species as well. Some scaling relationships, including a proportionally shorter scape and larger head in large-bodied workers, were also previously found in fire ants. Identifying worker size and shape distributions among different species is a vital step in understanding the selection pressures shaping division of labor in insect societies. 
    more » « less
  4. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (, Myrmecological news)
    Worker specialization extends the behavioral and ecological repertoire of ant colonies. Specialization may relate to colony defense, brood care, foraging, and, in some taxa, storage. Replete workers swell the crop and gaster to store liquid food, which can be accessed by other colony members through trophallaxis. This storage ability, known as repletism, has in- dependently evolved across several ant lineages, but the temporal history of this trait has not yet been investigated. Here, we describe the first fossil replete in the extinct species Leptomyrmex neotropicus Baroni Urbani, 1980 preserved in Miocene-age Dominican amber. Together with new evidence of repletism in L. neotropicus’ extant sister species, Lep- tomyrmex relictus Boudinot & al., 2016, we reconstruct the pattern of acquisition and descent in this storage-linked trait. Our ancestral-state reconstruction suggests that Leptomyrmex acquired replete workers in the Eocene and may therefore represent the earliest instance of so-called “honeypot” ants among all known ants, both living and extinct. 
    more » « less
  5. ; ; ; ; ; ; (, ZooKeys)
    The millipede fauna inhabiting deep soil are poorly known. They are small and threadlike, slow moving, lacking pigmentation, and rarely encountered due to their obscure underground way of life. One family, the Siphonorhinidae, encompasses four genera and 12 species in a fragmentary distribution in California, southern Africa, Madagascar, the Malay Archipelago, and Indo-Burma. The family is represented in the Western Hemisphere by a single genus, Illacme Cook & Loomis, 1928 from California, with its closest known relative, Nematozonium filum Verhoeff, 1939, from southern Africa. A new species of this family is documented from soil microhabitats in the Los Angeles metropolitan area, Illacme socal Marek & Shear, sp. nov. Based on this discovery and the recent documentation of other endogean millipede species, we show that these grossly understudied subterranean fauna represent the next frontier of discovery. However, they are threatened by encroaching human settlement and habitat loss, and conservation of this species and other subterranean fauna is of high importance. 
    more » « less
  • Citation Formats
  • MLA
  • APA
  • Chicago
  • BibTeX
  • Save / Share this Record
  • Send to Email