The synthesis of alkylphosphine-substituted α-diimine (DI) ligands and their subsequent addition to Ni(COD) 2 allowed for the preparation of ( iPr2PPr DI)Ni and ( tBu2PPr DI)Ni . The solid state structures of both compounds were found to feature a distorted tetrahedral geometry that is largely consistent with the reported structure of the diphenylphosphine-substituted variant, ( Ph2PPr DI)Ni . To explore and optimize the synthetic utility of this catalyst class, all three compounds were screened for benzaldehyde hydrosilylation activity at 1.0 mol% loading over 3 h at 25 °C. Notably, ( Ph2PPr DI)Ni was found to be the most efficient catalyst while phenyl silane was the most effective reductant. A broad scope of aldehydes and ketones were then hydrosilylated, and the silyl ether products were hydrolyzed to afford alcohols in good yield. When attempts were made to explore ester reduction, inefficient dihydrosilylation was noted for ethyl acetate and no reaction was observed for several additional substrates. However, when an equimolar solution of allyl acetate and phenyl silane was added to 1.0 mol% ( Ph2PPr DI)Ni , complete ester C–O bond hydrosilylation was observed within 30 min at 25 °C to generate propylene and PhSi(OAc) 3 . The scope of this reaction was expanded to include six additional allyl esters, and under neat conditions, turnover frequencies of up to 990 h −1 were achieved. This activity is believed to be the highest reported for transition metal-catalyzed ester C–O bond hydrosilylation. Proposed mechanisms for ( Ph2PPr DI)Ni -mediated carbonyl and allyl ester C–O bond hydrosilylation are also discussed.
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Efficient alkene hydrosilation with bis(8-quinolyl)phosphine (NPN) nickel catalysts. The dominant role of silyl-over hydrido-nickel catalytic intermediates
A cationic nickel complex of the bis(8-quinolyl)(3,5-di- tert -butylphenoxy)phosphine (NPN) ligand, [(NPN)NiCl] + , is a precursor to efficient catalysts for the hydrosilation of alkenes with a variety of hydrosilanes under mild conditions and low catalyst loadings. DFT studies reveal the presence of two coupled catalytic cycles based on [(NPN)NiH] + and [(NPN)NiSiR 3 ] + active species, with the latter being more efficient for producing the product. The preferred silyl-based catalysis is not due to a more facile insertion of alkene into the Ni–Si ( vs. Ni–H) bond, but by consistent and efficient conversions of the hydride to the silyl complex.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1954808
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10464616
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Chemical Science
- Volume:
- 11
- Issue:
- 19
- ISSN:
- 2041-6520
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 5043 to 5051
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC00997K
