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Summary Grasses are exceptionally productive, yet their hydraulic adaptation is paradoxical. Among C3grasses, a high photosynthetic rate (Aarea) may depend on higher vein density (Dv) and hydraulic conductance (Kleaf). However, the higherDvof C4grasses suggests a hydraulic surplus, given their reduced need for highKleafresulting from lower stomatal conductance (gs).Combining hydraulic and photosynthetic physiological data for diverse common garden C3and C4species with data for 332 species from the published literature, and mechanistic modeling, we validated a framework for linkages of photosynthesis with hydraulic transport, anatomy, and adaptation to aridity.C3and C4grasses had similarKleafin our common garden, but C4grasses had higherKleafthan C3species in our meta‐analysis. Variation inKleafdepended on outside‐xylem pathways. C4grasses have highKleaf : gs, which modeling shows is essential to achieve their photosynthetic advantage.Across C3grasses, higherAareawas associated with higherKleaf, and adaptation to aridity, whereas for C4species, adaptation to aridity was associated with higherKleaf : gs. These associations are consistent with adaptation for stress avoidance.Hydraulic traits are a critical element of evolutionary and ecological success in C3and C4grasses and are crucial avenues for crop design and ecological forecasting.
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Enantiopure, luminescent, cyclometalated Ir( iii ) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene-naphthalimide chromophore: design, vibrational circular dichroism and TD-DFT calculations
Chiral [Ir(N^C)2(C^C:)] complexes are described. At room temperature they act as emitters in the red and NIR regions. Their optical and chiroptical properties were studied. Remarkably VCD and TD-DFT allow us to ascertain their stereochemistry.
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- Award ID(s):
- 2019194
- PAR ID:
- 10471851
- Publisher / Repository:
- RSC
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Dalton Transactions
- Volume:
- 51
- Issue:
- 7
- ISSN:
- 1477-9226
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 2750 to 2759
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/d1dt04006e
