An official website of the United States government
In this work, we introduce a novel approach for the selective assembly of heterometallic complexes by unprecedented coordination of coinage metal cations to strained single ruthenium–boron bonds on a surface of icosahedral boron clusters. M( i ) cations (M = Cu, Ag, and Au) insert into B–Ru bonds of the (BB)–carboryne complex of ruthenium with the formation of four-membered B–M–Ru–B metalacycles. Results of theoretical calculations suggest that bonding within these metalacycles can be best described as unusual three-center-two-electron B–M⋯Ru interactions that are isolobal to B–H⋯Ru borane coordination for M = Cu and Ag, or the pairs of two-center-two electron B–Au and Au–Ru interactions for M = Au. These transformations comprise the first synthetic route to exohedral coinage metal boryl complexes of icosahedral closo -{C 2 B 10 } clusters, which feature short Cu–B (2.029(2) Å) and Ag–B (2.182(3) Å) bonds and the shortest Au–B bond (2.027(2) Å) reported to date. The reported heterometallic complexes contain Cu( i ) and Au( i ) centers in uncharacteristic square-planar coordination environments. These findings pave the way to rational construction of a broader class of multimetallic architectures featuring M–B bonds.
more »
« less
Two-Coordinate Coinage Metal Complexes as Solar Photosensitizers
Generating a sustainable fuel from sunlight plays an important role in meeting the energy demands of the modern age. Herein we report two-coordinate carbene-metal-amide (cMa, M = Cu(I) and Au(I)) complexes can be used as sensitizers to promote the light driven reduction of water to hydrogen. The cMa complexes studied here absorb visible photons (vis > 103 M-1cm-1), maintain long excited state lifetimes (~ 0.2-1 s) and perform stable photo-induced charge transfer to a target substrate with high photoreducing potential (E+/* up to 2.33 V vs. Fc+/0 based on a Rehm-Weller analysis). We pair these coinage metal complexes with a cobalt-glyoxime electrocatalyst to photocatalytically generate hydrogen and compare the performance of the copper- and gold-based cMa complexes. We also find that these two-coordinate complexes presented can perform photo-driven hydrogen production from water without the addition of the cobalt-glyoxime electrocatalyst. In this “catalyst free” system the cMa sensitizer partially decomposes to give metal nanoparticles that catalyze water reduction. This work identifies two-coordinate coinage metal complexes as promising abundant metal, solar fuels photosensitizers that offer exceptional tunability and photoredox properties.
more »
« less
- PAR ID:
- 10474083
- Publisher / Repository:
- American Chemical Society
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Volume:
- 145
- Issue:
- 25
- ISSN:
- 0002-7863
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 13846 to 13857
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
A series of twelve two-coordinate coinage metal, Cu, Ag and Au, complexes with carbene-metal-amide structures were prepared. The complexes all display thermal assisted delayed fluorescence (TADF) emission at room temperature from interligand charge transfer (ICT) excited state with short lifetimes (less than 2 μs) and photoluminescent quantum yields that reach near unity. Owing to the involvement of the substituents in the emissive transitions and different metal ion volume, the natural transition orbital (NTO) overlap of the emissive state can be adjusted in a wide range from 0.21 to 0.41. Investigations on the relationship between the NTO overlap of the emissive state and key TADF photophysical properties demonstrated that both singlet–triplet energy gap and radiative decay rate of S 1 state increase along with the NTO overlap exponentially. Consequently, the overall TADF radiative decay rate leads to a maximum when plotted against the NTO overlap, giving the ideal zone from 0.25 to 0.30 for high TADF radiative decay rate in this class of two-coordinate coinage metal complex luminophores.more » « less
-
null (Ed.)Copper( i ) and silver( i ) pyrazolate complexes {[3,5-(3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 Ph) 2 Pz]Cu} 3 and {[3,5-(3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 Ph) 2 Pz]Ag} 3 have been synthesized using the fluorinated 3,5-(diaryl)pyrazole 3,5-(3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 Ph) 2 PzH and copper( i ) oxide and silver( i ) oxide, respectively. The gold( i ) analog was obtained from a reaction between Au(THT)Cl and [3,5-(3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 Ph) 2 Pz]H/NaH. The X-ray crystal structures show that the coinage metal complexes {[3,5-(3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 Ph) 2 Pz]M} 3 (M = Cu, Ag, Au) are trinuclear in the solid state. They feature distorted nine-membered M 3 N 6 metallacyclic cores. The M–N distances follow Cu < Au < Ag, which is the trend expected from covalent radii of the corresponding coinage metal ions. The 3,5-(3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 Ph) 2 PzH forms hydrogen bonded trimers in the solid state that are further organized by π-stacking between aryl rings. Solid samples of {[3,5-(3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 Ph) 2 Pz]M} 3 display blue photoluminescence. The copper complex {[3,5-(3,5-(CF 3 ) 2 Ph) 2 Pz]Cu} 3 is an excellent catalyst for mediating azide–alkyne cycloaddition chemistry.more » « less
-
We report a family of cobalt complexes based on bidentate phosphine ligands with two, one, or zero pendent amine groups in the ligand backbone. The pendent amine complexes are active electrocatalysts for the formate oxidation reaction, generating CO2 with near-quantitative faradaic efficiency at moderate overpotentials (0.45 – 0.57 V in acetonitrile). These homogeneous electrocatalysts are the first cobalt example and second first-row transition metal example for formate oxidation. Thermodynamic measurements reveal these complexes are energetically primed for formate oxidation via hydride transfer to the cobalt center, followed by deprotonation of the resulting cobalt-hydride by formate acting as a base. The complex with the strongest cobalt- hydride bond, given by its thermodynamic hydricity, is the fastest electrocatalyst in this series, with an observed rate constant for formate oxidation of 135 ± 8 h−1 at 25 °C. Electrocatalytic turnover is not observed for the complex with no pendent amine groups: decomposition of the complex structure is evident in the presence of high formate concentrations.more » « less
-
A flexible polydentate bis(amidine) ligand LH 2 , LH 2 = {CH 2 NH( t Bu)CN-2-(6-MePy)} 2 , operates as a molecular lock for various coinage metal fragments and forms the dinuclear complexes [LH 2 (MCl) 2 ], M = Cu (1), Au (2), the coordination polymer [{(LH 2 ) 2 (py) 2 (AgCl) 3 }(py) 3 ] n (3), and the dimesityl-digold complex [LH 2 (AuMes) 2 ] (4) by formal insertion of MR fragments (M = Cu, Ag, Au; R = Cl, Mes) into the N–H⋯N hydrogen bonds of LH 2 in yields of 43–95%. Complexes 1, 2, and 4 adopt C 2 -symmetrical structures in the solid state featuring two interconnected 11-membered rings that are locked by two intramolecular N–H⋯R–M hydrogen bonds. QTAIM analyses of the computational geometry-optimized structures 1a, 2a, and 4a reveal 13, 11, and 22 additional bond critical points, respectively, all of which are related to weak intramolecular attractive interactions, predominantly representing dispersion forces, contributing to the conformational stabilization of the C 2 -symmetrical stereoisomers in the solid state. Variable-temperature 1 H NMR spectroscopy in combination with DFT calculations indicate a dynamic conformational interconversion between two C 2 -symmetrical ground state structures in solution (Δ G ‡c = 11.1–13.8 kcal mol −1 ), which is accompanied by the formation of an intermediate possessing C i symmetry that retains the hydrogen bonds.more » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c02825
