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1. Geometrical Relations between Slab Dip and the Location of Volcanic Arcs and Back-arc Spreading Centers

   https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7636704  

   Ha, Goeun; Montési, Laurent G.; Zhu, Wenlu (January 2023, Zenodo)

   The dataset includes the measurements of individual subduction zones defined in the convergence-parallel, trench-perpendicular, and spreading-parallel direction. </p>  </p> Table S3. Location of each trench, arc, and back-arc defined in a direction parallel to the convergence, and the corresponding distance from the trench to the arc (D_TA), subarc slab depth (H), and from the trench to the back-arc spreading center (D_TB). The slab dip is measured at 50km (Dip50), 100km (Dip100), and 200km (Dip200) and averaged from 0 to 50 km (Dip050), 0 to 100km (Dip0100), 0 to 200km (Dip0200), and 50 to 200km (Dip50200). </p> Table S4. Location of each trench, arc, and back-arc defined in a direction perpendicular to the trench, and the corresponding distance from the trench to the arc (D_TA), subarc slab depth (H), and from the trench to the back-arc spreading center (D_TB). The slab dip is measured at 50km (Dip50), 100km (Dip100), and 200km (Dip200) and averaged from 0 to 50 km (Dip050), 0 to 100km (Dip0100), 0 to 200km (Dip0200), and 50 to 200km (Dip50200). </p> Table S5. Location of each trench, arc, and back-arc defined in a direction parallel to the spreading direction, and the corresponding distance from the trench to the arc (D_TA), subarc slab depth (H), and from the trench to the back-arc spreading center (D_TB). The slab dip is measured at 50km (Dip50), 100km (Dip100), and 200km (Dip200) and averaged from 0 to 50 km (Dip050), 0 to 100km (Dip0100), 0 to 200km (Dip0200), and 50 to 200km (Dip50200). </p>  </p> 

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2. Intraspecific correlations between growth and defence vary with resource availability and differ within and among populations

   https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13878  

   Hahn, Philip G.; Keefover‐Ring, Ken; Nguyen, Linh M. N.; Maron, John L. (July 2021, Functional Ecology)

   Abstract A paradigm in the plant defence literature is that defending against herbivores comes at a cost to growth, resulting in a growth–defence trade‐off. However, while there is strong evidence for growth–defence trade‐offs across species, evidence is mixed within species.Several mechanisms can account for this equivocal support within species, but teasing them apart requires examining growth–defence relationships both within and among populations, an approach seldom employed.We examined correlations between plant biomass (growth) and terpene production (defence) within and among populations ofMonarda fistulosa, a perennial herb. We sampled populations from Montana and Wisconsin, regions that differ in resource availability characterized by different summer precipitation and associated abiotic conditions that influence plant productivity.We found negative, neutral and positive growth–defence correlations, depending on the scale examined. Negative correlations occurred across populations originating from divergent regions, positive correlations occurred across populations originating from within the high‐resource region and neutral correlations were found within single populations.Collectively, these results challenge the general expectation of ubiquitous trade‐offs and support emerging views that resource availability (as it affects productivity) shapes the evolution of defence at different scales. A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article. 

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3. Magellan/M2FS and MMT/Hectochelle Spectroscopy of Dwarf Galaxies and Faint Star Clusters within the Galactic Halo

   https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7837922  

   Walker, Matthew G.; Caldwell, Nelson; Mateo, Mario; Olszewksi, Edward W.; Pace, Andrew B.; Bailey III, John I.; Koposov, Sergey E.; Roederer, Ian U. (January 2023, Zenodo)

   m2fs_HiRes_catalog_public.fits: public catalog of measurements derived from spectroscopic observations of individual targets with the Magellan/M2FS spectrograph in HiRes configuration</p> m2fs_MedRes_catalog_public.fits: public catalog of measurements derived from spectroscopic observations of individual targets with the Magellen/M2FS spectrograph in MedRes configuration</p> hecto_catalog_public.fits: public catalog of measurements derived from spectroscopic observations of individual targets with the MMT/Hectochelle spectrograph</p> fits_files.tar.gz: Supplementary data products, including all sky-subtracted spectra from individual targets and best-fitting model spectra.</p> template_spectra.tar.gz: synthetic template spectra (columns are wavelength in air (Angstroms), normalized flux)</p> 

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4. A pangenome analysis reveals the center of origin and evolutionary history of Phytophthora infestans and 1c clade species

   https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314509  

   Coomber, Allison L; Saville, Amanda C; Carbone, Ignazio; Martin, Michael; Bieker, Vanessa C; Ristaino, Jean Beagle (January 2025, PLOS ONE)

   Blair, Jaime E (Ed.)

   We examined the evolutionary history ofPhytophthora infestansand its close relatives in the 1c clade. We used whole genome sequence data from 69 isolates ofPhytophthoraspecies in the 1c clade and conducted a range of genomic analyses including nucleotide diversity evaluation, maximum likelihood trees, network assessment, time to most recent common ancestor and migration analysis. We consistently identified distinct and later divergence of the two MexicanPhytophthoraspecies,P.mirabilisandP.ipomoeae, fromP.infestansand other 1c clade species.Phytophthora infestansexhibited more recent divergence from other 1c clade species ofPhytophthorafrom South America,P.andinaandP.betacei. Speciation in the 1c clade and evolution ofP.infestansoccurred in the Andes.P.andina–P.betacei–P.infestansformed a species complex with indistinct species boundaries, hybridizations between the species, and short times to common ancestry. Furthermore, the distinction between modern Mexican and South AmericanP.infestansproved less discrete, suggesting gene flow between populations over time. Admixture analysis indicated a complex relationship among these populations, hinting at potential gene flow across these regions. HistoricP.infestans, collected from 1845–1889, were the first to diverge from all otherP.infestanspopulations. Modern South American populations diverged next followed by Mexican populations which showed later ancestry. Both populations were derived from historicP.infestans. Based on the time of divergence ofP.infestansfrom its closest relatives,P.andinaandP.betaceiin the Andean region, we consider the Andes to be the center of origin ofP.infestans, with modern globalization contributing to admixture betweenP.infestanspopulations today from Mexico, the Andes and Europe. 

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5. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Food Acquisition Behavior, and Food Insecurity Before and After the COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout

   https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001946  

   Hosler, Akiko S; Chen, Jiacheng; Arroyo, Mariana Torres; Neff, Roni A; Bozlak, Christine T; Romeiko, Xiaobo X; Feingold, Beth J (January 2024, Journal of Public Health Management & Practice)

   Objectives:To assess changes in food acquisition behavior, food insecurity, and dietary behavior and identify factors associated with fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption during the transitional period (before and after the initial vaccine rollout for all adults) of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design:Successive independent samples design. Online surveys were conducted from October 2020 to February 2021 (time 1, before the vaccine rollout) and from October 2021 to December 2021 (time 2, after the vaccine rollout). Descriptive analysis examined changes in food sources, food security, and daily FV consumption in cup equivalents (CEs) from time 1 to time 2. A multivariable logistic regression analysis examined factors associated with FV consumption. Setting:The Capital Region of New York State. Participants:1553 adults 18 years of age and older. Main Outcome Measure:Meeting the 2020-2025 MyPlate daily FV consumption recommendations. Results:There were statistically significant (P< .05) increases in the use of supermarkets, eat-in restaurants, farmers’ markets, and convenience stores from time 1 to time 2. Food insecurity (40.1% vs 39.4%) and FV consumption (2.6 CE vs 2.4 CE) slightly declined but not significantly. Home food procurement such as gardening and foraging (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.08-2.37) and shopping at food co-op/health food stores (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.07-2.49) were significantly associated with the FV outcome, and these relationships were not modified by food security status. Conclusions:The present study highlights the importance of food sources in understanding adult dietary behavior during the transitional period of the pandemic. Continuing efforts to monitor access to food sources, food insecurity, and dietary behavior are warranted as various COVID-related emergency food assistance measures have expired. 

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