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1. Geoscience Job Advertisements as a Barrier to Employment for People With Disabilities

   https://doi.org/10.3389/esss.2024.10086  

   Shafer, G W; Viskupic, K; Egger, A E (December 2024, Earth Science, Systems and Society)

   Individuals with physical disabilities are largely underrepresented in the geoscience workforce. In this study, we analyzed over 2,500 job advertisements (ads) for entry-level geoscience positions across 19 industries to assess how inclusive the United States job market is for people with physical disabilities. We evaluated each ad’s Equal Opportunity Employer (EEO) and accommodation statements to create a measure of geoscience employers’ inclusive practices for people with disabilities. We coded each ad for instances where physical abilities (e.g., traversing rough terrain, driving a vehicle, lifting heavy objects) were listed as required or preferred qualifications and whether these abilities matched the core job function. A significant proportion of job ads (44%) did not include EEO statements, and of those that did, the language used was minimal or abbreviated. Additionally, only 18% of ads mentioned accommodations for people with disabilities. Of the ads that required physical abilities, only 19% requested physical abilities that matched the core job function. Students exploring their career options or applying for entry-level jobs may feel disadvantaged, restrict their applications, or dismiss geoscience careers if they have physical limitations, or if they perceive that the work environment is not inclusive. Overall, online geoscience ads could benefit from adding or modifying equal opportunity employment and accommodations statements to reflect a more inclusive workplace and could explicitly link requested physical abilities to the job description. These results could help employers consider possible modifications to their job advertisements and explore alternative strategies to promote a more inclusive geoscience workforce. 

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2. Skills geoscience employers look for in bachelors-level geoscientists

   Shafer, Gregory; Viskupic, Karen; Egger, Anne (July 2021, Earth Educators' Rendezvous)

   Preparing graduates to enter the workforce is a common goal of undergraduate geoscience degree programs. Determining what skills are necessary for new graduates to succeed in the workforce requires knowledge of the skills sought by employers of bachelors-level geoscientists. To investigate skills desired by employers, we systematically analyzed job advertisements retrieved from 4 search engines between May and November 2020. We used 15 search words derived from the 2018 Status of the Geoscience Workforce (AGI) report to select job advertisements that required or preferred a geoscience-based bachelor's degree. Additionally, we categorized each advertisement by industry sector based on definitions in the 2018 AGI report. Each job advertisement (n=1214) was coded to identify skills sought by the employer. An initial set of codes was based on skills identified by the Future of Undergraduate Geoscience Education project and additional emergent codes were identified during the coding process. We generated a final set of 34 codes, with definitions and examples, through an iterative coding process, checking for inter-rater reliability. Advertisements were not coded for geoscience content knowledge. The most common skills sought by employers were the ability to conduct field work, teamwork, work with computers, collect, process and interpret data, and communicate effectively, however, the desirability of skills varied across industry sectors. For example, teamwork skills were sought in 60% of mining sector advertisements but only 22% of oil and gas sector advertisements. Our results provide insight into the expectations of potential employers for recent graduates seeking a career in geoscience. Additionally, our results provide geoscience degree programs with critical information required to prepare undergraduates with the necessary skills to be successful in the current job market. 

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3. Surveying Hawai‘i’s geoscience employers and alumni to understand evolving workforce needs

   Mendoza, Maria_Daniella; Bruno, Barbara C (August 2025, Geological Society of America)

   MacDonald, JH; Clary, RM; Archer, RS; Broadway, RL (Ed.)

   The skills needed for the geoscience workforce evolve as new technology and scientific knowledge are developed. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning what specific skill sets are necessary for recent graduates and what skills those graduates have acquired. To fill this knowledge gap specifically for the state of Hawai‘i, we surveyed local geoscience employers as well as alumni from the University of Hawai‘i School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). We received survey responses from 30 employers in the public and private sectors and 30 recent SOEST graduates at the bachelor, master, and doctoral levels. Survey results indicated that, overall, Hawai‘i’s geoscience employers and SOEST alumni agree on which skills are important for geoscience employees to have. Top-rated technical skills included fieldwork/sampling, data management, and data analysis. Data visualization and geographic information system (GIS) skills/mapping were also considered important. Additionally, both groups agreed on the importance of many nontechnical skills, including technical report writing, time management, teamwork, problem-solving, interpersonal communication, and working independently. In both technical and nontechnical skills, any differences between employer and alumni responses were not statistically significant. We believe that having this clear understanding of the skill sets that are in high demand can help to broaden participation in geoscience careers in Hawai‘i. 

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4. Explicit Instruction of Scientific Uncertainty in an Undergraduate Geoscience Field-Based Course

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-022-00345-z  

   Bateman, Kathryn M.; Wilson, Cristina G.; Williams, Randolph T.; Tikoff, Basil; Shipley, Thomas F. (May 2022, Science & Education)

   Abstract Understanding and communicating uncertainty is a key skill needed in the practice of science. However, there has been little research on the instruction of uncertainty in undergraduate science education. Our team designed a module within an online geoscience field course which focused on explicit instruction around uncertainty and provided students with an uncertainty rating scale to record and communicate their uncertainty with a common language. Students then explored a complex, real-world geological problem about which expert scientists had previously made competing claims through geologic maps. Provided with data, expert uncertainty ratings, and the previous claims, students made new geologic maps of their own and presented arguments about their claims in written form. We analyzed these reports along with assessments of uncertainty. Most students explicitly requested geologists’ uncertainty judgments in a post-course assessment when asked why scientists might differ in their conclusions and/or utilized the rating scale unprompted in their written arguments. Through the examination of both pre- and post-course assessments of uncertainty and students’ course-based assessments, we argue that explicit instruction around uncertainty can be introduced during undergraduate coursework and could facilitate geoscience novices developing into practicing geoscientists. 

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5. Essential competencies for computing managers: Skills and dispositions

   https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11869-4  

   Duan, Suzhen; Exter, Marisa; Tagare, Deepti; Sabin, Mihaela; Janakiraman, Shamila (June 2023, Education and Information Technologies)

   Competencies (knowledge, skills, and dispositions) enable employers and educators to speak a common language regarding what computing graduates are expected to demonstrate on the job. This study focuses on competencies required by managers in the computing industry, based on semi-structured interviews of ten individuals in managerial roles, such as directors, project managers, and product managers with prior experience in computing-related roles. Constant Comparative for Naturalistic Inquiry was used to analyze the data. The most frequently discussed managerial skills included leadership, project management, hiring and evaluating candidates, and mentorship. In addition, professional skills such as communication, problem-solving, and lifelong learning were mentioned, along with essential dispositions that support the development of these skills, e.g., collaborative mindset, lifelong learning orientation, and self-regulation. Participants also emphasized the need to make judgments, build relationships, and collaborate within or outside their team. Career readiness in the computing industry is not limited to entry-level jobs; professionals should have the opportunity to navigate their preferred career path—whether they aspire to move down a technical or managerial path. This study can contribute to both students’ and educators’ understanding of the managerial career path and what types of competencies and experiences should be included in computing education programs to set them up for success across their career path. Implications for pedagogical approaches will also be discussed. 

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