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Abstract The quantity and characteristics of sediment deposited in lakes are affected by climate to varying extents. As sediment is deposited, it provides a record of past climatic or environmental conditions. However, determining a direct relationship between specific climatic variables and measurable sediment properties, for instance between temperature and sediment optical reflectance, is complex. In this study, we investigate the suitability of sediment reflectance, recorded as sediment pixel intensity (PxI), as a paleoclimate proxy at a large ice-contact lake in southern Patagonia, Lago Argentino. We also evaluate whether sediment PxI can be used to investigate the present-day climatic drivers of sedimentation across Lago Argentino. First, we show that sediment PxIs relate to underlying sediment composition, and are significantly correlated with XRF-derived major element composition. Secondly, we find that PxIs correlate with both austral summer temperatures and wind speeds, but not with precipitation. PxI timeseries reach thep<0.1 correlation significance threshold for use as a paleo-wind proxy in as many as 6 cores and a paleo-temperature proxy in up to 4 cores. However, high spatial variability and the non-unique relationship between PxI and both temperature and wind speed challenges the necessary assumption of stationarity at Lago Argentino. While not suitable as a paleoclimatic proxy, correlations between PxI and instrumental climate data do chronicle current climatic controls on sediment deposition at Lago Argentino: high summer temperatures enhance settling of coarse, optically dark grains across the lake basin by promoting ice melt and lake stratification, while high wind speeds reduce the settling of fine, optically bright grains in the ice-proximal regions by transporting sediment-rich waters away from the glacier fronts. The assumptions required for quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction must be carefully evaluated in complex lacustrine environments, but records unsuitable for use as proxies might nevertheless yield valuable information about the drivers of modern sedimentary transport and deposition.
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Periodicity of the Southern Annular Mode in Southern Patagonia, insight from the Lago Argentino varve record
Climatic variability across a large fraction of the Southern Hemisphere is controlled by the Southern Annular Mode and associated latitudinal shifts in the Southern Westerly Wind belt. In Patagonia, these changes control the large-scale temperature and precipitation trends – and resulting glacier surface mass balance. Our understanding of recent changes in this climatic oscillation is, however, limited by the number of paleo-environmental records in the mid to high-latitude Southern Hemisphere. Here, we first use a synthetic proxy record to demonstrate that periodicity may be preserved in a wider range of records than can be used for quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions. We then analyze a 5000-year-long sedimentation record derived from Lago Argentino, a 1500 km2 ice-contact lake in Southern Patagonia. We extract a mass accumulation rate and greyscale pixel intensity record from 28 cores across all of Lago Argentino's main depositional environments. We align the mass accumulation rate and pixel intensity records to a common time axis through multivariate dynamic-time-warping, and investigate their spectral properties using the multi-taper Lomb Scargle periodogram. We find statistically significant spectral peaks at 200 ± 20, 150 ± 16, and 85 ± 9 years in two thirds of mass accumulation rate and one third of the pixel intensity records. These periodicities reveal the centennial periodicity of the Southern Annular Mode, which is the key climatic driver of sedimentation at Lago Argentino.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1714614
- PAR ID:
- 10482963
- Publisher / Repository:
- Elsevier
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Quaternary Science Reviews
- Volume:
- 304
- Issue:
- C
- ISSN:
- 0277-3791
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 108009
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- Southern Annular Mode Patagonia Paleoclimate Spectral analysis Lago Argentino lake core
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108009
