An official website of the United States government
This study investigates sentence processing in Standard Arabic (SA) by examining subject- and object-extracted relative clauses (SRCs and ORCs) through eye tracking. We test memory- and expectation-based theories of processing difficulty, and whether good-enough or noisy-channel processing leads to misinterpretations in ORCs. Our results find increased processing difficulty in ORCs, supporting expectation-based theories; however, this processing difficulty is not localized to the disambiguating region (relative clause verb) as predicted, but rather at the integration of the second noun phrase (relative clause NP). The findings support goodenough/noisy-channel processing theories, suggesting that readers may accept a noisy SRC interpretation of an ORC, and thus bypass integration costs at the RC NP.
more »
« less
Dissecting the biophysics and biology of intrinsically disordered proteins
Intrinsically disordered regions within human proteins play critical roles in cellular information processing, including signaling, transcription, stress response, DNA repair, genome organization, and RNA processing. Here, we summarize current challenges in the field and propose cutting-edge approaches to address them in normal physiology and disease, with a focus on cancer.
more »
« less
- Award ID(s):
- 2239500
- PAR ID:
- 10483545
- Publisher / Repository:
- Elsevier Ltd
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Trends in Biochemical Sciences
- ISSN:
- 0968-0004
- Subject(s) / Keyword(s):
- Phase Separation, Cancer, Condensates, Single molecule
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
More Like this
-
-
This study investigates sentence processing in Standard Arabic (SA) by examining subject- and object-extracted relative clauses (SRCs and ORCs) through eye tracking. We test memory- and expectation-based theories of processing difficulty, and whether good-enough or noisy-channel processing leads to misinterpretations in ORCs. Our results find increased processing difficulty in ORCs, supporting expectation-based theories; however, this processing difficulty is not localized to the disambiguating region (relative clause verb) as predicted, but rather at the integration of the second noun phrase (relative clause NP). The findings support goodenough/noisy-channel processing theories, suggesting that readers may accept a noisy SRC interpretation of an ORC, and thus bypass integration costs at the RC NP.more » « less
-
Effective processing, interpretation, and management of sensor data have emerged as a critical component of cyber-physical systems. Traditionally, processing sensor data requires profound theoretical knowledge and proficiency in signal-processing tools. However, recent works show that Large Language Models (LLMs) have promising capabilities in processing sensory data, suggesting their potential as copilots for developing sensing systems. To explore this potential, we construct a comprehensive benchmark, SensorBench, to establish a quantifiable objective. The benchmark incorporates diverse real-world sensor datasets for various tasks. The results show that while LLMs exhibit considerable proficiency in simpler tasks, they face inherent challenges in processing compositional tasks with parameter selections compared to engineering experts. Additionally, we investigate four prompting strategies for sensor processing and show that self-verification can outperform all other baselines in 48% of tasks. Our study provides a comprehensive benchmark and prompting analysis for future developments, paving the way toward an LLM-based sensor processing copilot.more » « less
-
Data processing systems are a fundamental component of the modern computing stack. These systems are routinely deployed online: they continuously receive the requests of data processing operations, and continuously return the results to end users or client applications. Online data processing systems have unique features beyond conventional data processing, and the optimizations designed for them are complex, especially when data themselves are structured and dynamic. This paper describes DON Calculus, the first rigorous foundation for online data processing. It captures the essential behavior of both the backend data processing engine and the frontend application, with the focus on two design dimensions essential yet unique to online data processing systems: incremental operation processing (IOP) and temporal locality optimization (TLO). A novel design insight is that the operations continuously applied to the data can be defined as an operation stream flowing through the data structure, and this abstraction unifies diverse designs of IOP and TLO in one calculus. DON Calculus is endowed with a mechanized metatheory centering around a key observable equivalence property: despite the significant non-deterministic executions introduced by IOP and TLO, the observable result of DON Calculus data processing is identical to that of conventional data processing without IOP and TLO. Broadly, DON Calculus is a novel instance in the active pursuit of providing rigorous guarantees to the software system stack. The specification and mechanization of DON Calculus provide a sound base for the designers of future data processing systems to build upon, helping them embrace rigorous semantic engineering without the need of developing from scratch.more » « less
-
Abstract Holistic processing of face and non-face stimuli has been framed as a perceptual strategy, with classic hallmarks of holistic processing, such as the composite effect, reflecting a failure of selective attention, which is a consequence of this strategy. Further, evidence that holistic processing is impacted by training different patterns of attentional prioritization suggest that it may be a result of learned attention to the whole, which renders it difficult to attend to only part of a stimulus. If so, holistic processing should be modulated by the same factors that shape attentional selection, such as the probability that distracting or task-relevant information will be present. In contrast, other accounts suggest that it is the match to an internal face template that triggers specialized holistic processing mechanisms. Here we probed these accounts by manipulating the probability, across different testing sessions, that the task-irrelevant face part in the composite face task will contain task-congruent or -incongruent information. Attentional accounts of holistic processing predict that when the probability that the task-irrelevant part contains congruent information is low (25%), holistic processing should be attenuated compared to when this probability is high (75%). In contrast, template-based accounts of holistic face processing predict that it will be unaffected by manipulation given the integrity of the faces remains intact. Experiment 1 found evidence consistent with attentional accounts of holistic face processing and Experiment 2 extends these findings to holistic processing of non-face stimuli. These findings are broadly consistent with learned attention accounts of holistic processing.more » « less
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2023.10.002
